Periodontal Status in Patients With Chronic Skin Diseases
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the periodontal status of chronic skin disease (CSD) patients with healthy controls.
Material and method: 109 patients and 37 healthy subjects were included in this study. Parameters evaluated included bleeding on probing index (BOP), periodontal pocket depths (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), simplified debris index (DI), simplified calculus index (CI), and the presence of oral lesions. Clinical parameters were measured and compared in the two groups. The significant level was set at 0.05.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
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Detailed Description
Patients with CSDs (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune bullous diseases, or systemic lupus erythematosus,…) were diagnosed by the dermatologists with over 5 years of experience and supportive laboratory tests, aged 18 years or older, and willing to participate in the study. The control group included healthy individuals, aged 18 years or older and free of chronic skin diseases. These individuals were willing to participate in the study and would be used as a comparison group for the case group.
Clinical parameter collection Information related to epidemiological characteristics and chronic inflammatory skin conditions were recorded from medical records and oral health status was collected from clinical examination conducted by postgraduate doctors and lecturers of the Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City. The investigators were trained by a specialist in public dentistry and had intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of more than or equal to 0.8.
The following oral clinical parameters were evaluated:
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Full mouth bleeding on probing scores (BOP): BOP was recorded and considered positive when bleeding occurred within 20 seconds after the probe was removed after application with light pressure. A bleeding percentage was calculated for each patient by dividing the total number of positive bleeding sites by the total number of probed sites.
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Pocket probing depth (PPD) was measured from the gingival margin to the base of the gingival sulcus/ periodontal pocket with the aid of a University of North Carolina (UNC) 15-mm periodontal probe.
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Clinical attachment level (CAL) was measured from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the base of the gingival sulcus/ periodontal pocket with the aid of a UNC periodontal probe. The CAL was considered zero if the attachment was at the level of the CEJ. If the free gingival margin was coronal to the CEJ, the CAL was determined by measuring the PPD and subtracting the distance from the CEJ to the free gingival margin. When the free gingival margin was apical to the CEJ, the CAL was determined by measuring the distance from the CEJ to the free gingival margin and adding it to the PPD.
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debris index (DI), and (5) calculus index (CI), which were evaluated pertaining to the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) as suggested by Green and Vermillion (1964)
(6) the number of oral lesions. Probed sites were classified into three different categories of PPD and CAL (≤ 3 mm, 4-5 mm, > 6mm).
The investigator examined one tooth (index teeth) from each sextant, including the incisor, left and right molar regions for both the maxillary and mandibular dental arches, to record the CAL, DI, and CI.
Statistics analysis All statistical analysis was performed using Jeffrey's Amazing Statistics Program (JASP) software, version 0.17.2.1 (University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). The normality of distribution of the data was verified using the Shapiro-Wilk test. For variables that were under normal distribution, independent t-test test was used for detecting the statistically significant differences among two groups. For variables that were not normally distributed, Mann-Whitney test was used to compare among two groups. P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| control group healthy individuals, aged 18 years or older and free of chronic skin diseases, willing to participate in the study |
Diagnostic Test: oral health status
CSDs medical records: Information related to epidemiological characteristics and chronic inflammatory skin conditions (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune bullous diseases, or systemic lupus erythematosus,…) were recorded from medical records:
Pemphigus
Mixed connective tissue disease
Atopic dermatitis
Psoriasis
Erythroderma
oral health status: oral clinical parameters were evaluated:
Full mouth bleeding on probing scores
Pocket probing depth
Clinical attachment level
debris index
calculus index
the number of oral lesions
Other Names:
|
| Patients with CSDs Patients with CSDs (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune bullous diseases, or systemic lupus erythematosus,…) were diagnosed by the dermatologists with over 5 years of experience and supportive laboratory tests, aged 18 years or older, and willing to participate in the study |
Diagnostic Test: oral health status
CSDs medical records: Information related to epidemiological characteristics and chronic inflammatory skin conditions (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune bullous diseases, or systemic lupus erythematosus,…) were recorded from medical records:
Pemphigus
Mixed connective tissue disease
Atopic dermatitis
Psoriasis
Erythroderma
oral health status: oral clinical parameters were evaluated:
Full mouth bleeding on probing scores
Pocket probing depth
Clinical attachment level
debris index
calculus index
the number of oral lesions
Other Names:
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Full mouth bleeding on probing scores (BOP) [baseline]
BOP was recorded and considered positive when bleeding occurred within 20 seconds after the probe was removed after application with light pressure. A bleeding percentage was calculated for each patient by dividing the total number of positive bleeding sites by the total number of probed sites
- Pocket probing depth (PPD) [baseline]
PPD was measured from the gingival margin to the base of the gingival sulcus/ periodontal pocket with the aid of a University of North Carolina (UNC) 15-mm periodontal probe
- Clinical attachment level (CAL) [Baseline]
was measured from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the base of the gingival sulcus/ periodontal pocket with the aid of a UNC periodontal probe. The CAL was considered zero if the attachment was at the level of the CEJ. If the free gingival margin was coronal to the CEJ, the CAL was determined by measuring the PPD and subtracting the distance from the CEJ to the free gingival margin. When the free gingival margin was apical to the CEJ, the CAL was determined by measuring the distance from the CEJ to the free gingival margin and adding it to the PPD
- debris index (DI) [Baseline]
DI were evaluated pertaining to the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) as suggested by Green and Vermillion (1964)
- calculus index (CI) [Baseline]
CI were evaluated pertaining to the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) as suggested by Green and Vermillion (1964)
- the number of oral lesions [Baseline]
Probed sites were classified into three different categories of PPD and CAL (≤ 3 mm, 4-5 mm, > 6mm)
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
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Patient CSDs:
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were diagnosed in CSDs (psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, autoimmune bullous diseases, or systemic lupus erythematosus...) by the dermatologists with over 5 years of experience and supportive laboratory tests
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aged 18 years or older
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willing to participate in the study
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Control group:
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aged 18 years or older
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free of chronic skin diseases
Exclusion Criteria:
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Toothless
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Limited mouth opening
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city | Ho Chi Minh City | Vietnam | 70000 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City
Investigators
- Study Director: Hao Trong Nguyen, PhD, Ho Chi Minh City Hospital of Dermato-Venereology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Study Director: Thuy Thu Nguyen, PhD, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
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- GREENE JC, VERMILLION JR. THE SIMPLIFIED ORAL HYGIENE INDEX. J Am Dent Assoc. 1964 Jan;68:7-13. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1964.0034. No abstract available.
- Jascholt I, Lai O, Zillikens D, Kasperkiewicz M. Periodontitis in oral pemphigus and pemphigoid: A systematic review of published studies. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 May;76(5):975-978.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.10.028. Epub 2016 Dec 28.
- Listgarten MA. Pathogenesis of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 1986 May;13(5):418-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.1986.tb01485.x.
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- Lo Russo L, Guiglia R, Pizzo G, Fierro G, Ciavarella D, Lo Muzio L, Campisi G. Effect of desquamative gingivitis on periodontal status: a pilot study. Oral Dis. 2010 Jan;16(1):102-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2009.01617.x. Epub 2009 Sep 4.
- Macklis P, Adams K, Kaffenberger J, Kumar P, Krispinsky A, Kaffenberger B. The Association Between Oral Health and Skin Disease. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2020 Jun;13(6):48-53. Epub 2020 Jun 1.
- Offenbacher S, Heasman PA, Collins JG. Modulation of Host PGE2 Secretion as a Determinant of Periodontal Disease Expression. J Periodontol. 1993 May;64 Suppl 5S:432-444. doi: 10.1902/jop.1993.64.5s.432.
- Rai NP, Kumar P, Mustafa SM, Divakar DD, Kheraif AA, Ramakrishnaiah R, Vellapally S, Dalati MH, Parine NR, Anil S. Relation Between Periodontal Status and Pre-Cancerous Condition (Oral Lichen Planus): A Pilot Study. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2016 Jul-Aug;25(4):763-6. doi: 10.17219/acem/59014.
- Ramon-Fluixa C, Bagan-Sebastian J, Milian-Masanet M, Scully C. Periodontal status in patients with oral lichen planus: a study of 90 cases. Oral Dis. 1999 Oct;5(4):303-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.1999.tb00094.x.
- Schellinck AE, Rees TD, Plemons JM, Kessler HP, Rivera-Hidalgo F, Solomon ES. A comparison of the periodontal status in patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid: a 5-year follow-up. J Periodontol. 2009 Nov;80(11):1765-73. doi: 10.1902/jop.2009.090244.
- Thorat MS, Raju A, Pradeep AR. Pemphigus vulgaris: effects on periodontal health. J Oral Sci. 2010 Sep;52(3):449-54. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.52.449.
- Tricamo MB, Rees TD, Hallmon WW, Wright JM, Cueva MA, Plemons JM. Periodontal status in patients with gingival mucous membrane pemphigoid. J Periodontol. 2006 Mar;77(3):398-405. doi: 10.1902/jop.2006.050113.
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