Comparison of the Effectiveness of USG and Palpation Guidance Steroid Injection in Patients With Plantar Fasciitis
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
Plantar fasciitis, often described as overloading of the plantar fascia, is the most common cause of heel pain in adults. It is characterized by a sharp pain along the medial aspect of the heel, which is worse with the first step taken in the morning or at the beginning of an activity and decreases as the person warms up. The etiology of plantar fasciitis is multifactorial and not well understood. Poor biomechanics and changes in the structure of the foot can lead to repeated micro-trauma at the beginning of the plantar fascia, causing inflammation and degeneration. Plantar fasciitis is more common in sedentary individuals and athletes and those participating in running sports. Other risk factors associated with plantar fasciitis include reduced ankle dorsiflexion, increased body mass index (BMI), and work-related weight loss activities.
Current treatments for plantar fasciitis, such as plantar fascia stretching exercises, strapping, extracorporeal shock wave therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), arch braces, and heel pads are mainly aimed at reducing inflammation. Corticosteroid injections are usually reserved for refractory plantar fasciitis after conservative noninvasive attempts have failed. It has been shown to effectively reduce heel pain in patients with plantar fasciitis. The strong anti-inflammatory effect of corticosteroids can speed up the process of pain relief.
In our study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of USG and palpation guidance blind steroid injection in patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis.
Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
---|---|---|
|
N/A |
Detailed Description
It is planned to enroll 60 (sixty) patients in the study. Patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis, between the ages of 18-75, who have failed conservative treatment (stretching exercises, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and heel pads) for at least 3 months, and those with a Visual Anolog Scale value of 5 and above will be included in the study. Any local injection therapy and physical therapy for heel pain in the last 4 months, any surgery history for heel pain, history of tarsal tunnel syndrome, ankle effusion showing intra-articular disease, healed calcaneal fracture, Achilles tendinopathy, foot including pes and any deformity of the ankle, planus or pes cavus deformity; Patients with systemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, hematological disease or gout, pregnancy, history of aspirin or aspirin-like medication, and mental insufficiency will be excluded from the study.
In the study, the patients will be filled in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Foot Function Indez (FFI) questionnaires. Patients will be randomized into 2 groups according to the Random Number Generation. The first group will be the USG-guided steroid injection group, and the second group will be the palpation-guided steroid injection group. In the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under the guidance of USG. In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. There will be pre-injection, 1st month and 3rd month controls after injection.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: USG-guided steroid injection group In the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. |
Drug: USG-guided steroid injection
In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus boIn the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone.ne and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone.
Other Names:
|
Experimental: Palpation-guided steroid injection group In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. |
Drug: Palpation-guided steroid injection
In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone.
Other Names:
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Pain Severity [day 0 (before intervention)]
visual analog scale (0-10) minimum score: 0 maximum score: 10. Higher scores reflect more severe pain. Higher values represent a worse outcome.
- Pain Severity [1 month after intervention]
visual analog scale (0-10) minimum score: 0 maximum score: 10. Higher scores reflect more severe pain. Higher values represent a worse outcome.
- Pain Severity [3 month after intervention]
visual analog scale (0-10) minimum score: 0 maximum score: 10. Higher scores reflect more severe pain. Higher values represent a worse outcome.
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Foot Function Index [day 0 (before intervention)]
Foot Function Index(FFI) is a self-report questionnaire concerning foot function and pain. The FFI consists of 23 questions with scores 0-10 in three domains concerning foot pain, function and disability resulting in a total score range from 0 to 230. The score is validated for patients with plantar fasciitis with a minimal clinical important difference being 7 points. Higher values represent a worse outcome.
- Foot Function Index [1 month after intervention]
Foot Function Index(FFI) is a self-report questionnaire concerning foot function and pain. The FFI consists of 23 questions with scores 0-10 in three domains concerning foot pain, function and disability resulting in a total score range from 0 to 230. The score is validated for patients with plantar fasciitis with a minimal clinical important difference being 7 points. Higher values represent a worse outcome.
- Foot Function Index [3 month after intervention]
Foot Function Index(FFI) is a self-report questionnaire concerning foot function and pain. The FFI consists of 23 questions with scores 0-10 in three domains concerning foot pain, function and disability resulting in a total score range from 0 to 230. The score is validated for patients with plantar fasciitis with a minimal clinical important difference being 7 points. Higher values represent a worse outcome.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
-
Patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis
-
Between the ages of 18-75
-
Who have failed conservative treatment (stretching exercises, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and heel pads) for at least 3 months
-
Visual Anolog Scale value of 5 and above will be included in the study.
Exclusion Criteria:
-
Having received any local injection therapy and physical therapy for heel pain within the last 4 months,
-
Any history of surgery for heel pain, tarsal tunnel syndrome, calcaneal fracture, Achilles tendinopathy, any deformity of the foot and ankle including pes, planus or pes cavus deformity
-
with systemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, hematological disease, or gout
-
Pregnancy
-
A recent history of aspirin or aspirin-like medication
-
mental disability
Contacts and Locations
Locations
Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Adem ERBÄ°ROL | Isparta | Turkey |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
Investigators
- Study Director: Adem Erbirol, Egirdir Bone Joint Diseases Treatment And Rehabilitation Hospital
Study Documents (Full-Text)
More Information
Publications
None provided.- dr.ademerbirol
Study Results
Participant Flow
Recruitment Details | |
---|---|
Pre-assignment Detail |
Arm/Group Title | USG-guided Steroid Injection Group | Palpation-guided Steroid Injection Group |
---|---|---|
Arm/Group Description | In the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. USG-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus boIn the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone.ne and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. | In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. Palpation-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. |
Period Title: Overall Study | ||
STARTED | 34 | 32 |
COMPLETED | 34 | 32 |
NOT COMPLETED | 0 | 0 |
Baseline Characteristics
Arm/Group Title | USG-guided Steroid Injection Group | Palpation-guided Steroid Injection Group | Total |
---|---|---|---|
Arm/Group Description | In the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. USG-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus boIn the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone.ne and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. | In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. Palpation-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. | Total of all reporting groups |
Overall Participants | 34 | 32 | 66 |
Age (Count of Participants) | |||
<=18 years |
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
Between 18 and 65 years |
31
91.2%
|
31
96.9%
|
62
93.9%
|
>=65 years |
3
8.8%
|
1
3.1%
|
4
6.1%
|
Age (years) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ] | |||
Mean (Standard Deviation) [years] |
47.12
(8.29)
|
48.78
(9.76)
|
47.92
(9.00)
|
Sex: Female, Male (Count of Participants) | |||
Female |
29
85.3%
|
29
90.6%
|
58
87.9%
|
Male |
5
14.7%
|
3
9.4%
|
8
12.1%
|
Race (NIH/OMB) (Count of Participants) | |||
American Indian or Alaska Native |
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
Asian |
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander |
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
Black or African American |
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
White |
34
100%
|
32
100%
|
66
100%
|
More than one race |
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
Unknown or Not Reported |
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
Region of Enrollment (participants) [Number] | |||
Turkey |
34
100%
|
32
100%
|
66
100%
|
Body Mass Index (kg/m^2) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ] | |||
Mean (Standard Deviation) [kg/m^2] |
29.92
(4.47)
|
29.71
(4.81)
|
29.82
(4.61)
|
Outcome Measures
Title | Pain Severity |
---|---|
Description | visual analog scale (0-10) minimum score: 0 maximum score: 10. Higher scores reflect more severe pain. Higher values represent a worse outcome. |
Time Frame | day 0 (before intervention) |
Outcome Measure Data
Analysis Population Description |
---|
intent to treat population(all participants) |
Arm/Group Title | USG-guided Steroid Injection Group | Palpation-guided Steroid Injection Group |
---|---|---|
Arm/Group Description | In the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. USG-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus boIn the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone.ne and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. | In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. Palpation-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. |
Measure Participants | 34 | 32 |
Mean (Standard Deviation) [score on a scale] |
8.50
(0.90)
|
8.31
(0.90)
|
Title | Pain Severity |
---|---|
Description | visual analog scale (0-10) minimum score: 0 maximum score: 10. Higher scores reflect more severe pain. Higher values represent a worse outcome. |
Time Frame | 1 month after intervention |
Outcome Measure Data
Analysis Population Description |
---|
intent to treat population(all participants) |
Arm/Group Title | USG-guided Steroid Injection Group | Palpation-guided Steroid Injection Group |
---|---|---|
Arm/Group Description | In the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. USG-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus boIn the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone.ne and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. | In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. Palpation-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. |
Measure Participants | 34 | 32 |
Mean (Standard Deviation) [score on a scale] |
1.50
(1.83)
|
1.53
(2.29)
|
Title | Pain Severity |
---|---|
Description | visual analog scale (0-10) minimum score: 0 maximum score: 10. Higher scores reflect more severe pain. Higher values represent a worse outcome. |
Time Frame | 3 month after intervention |
Outcome Measure Data
Analysis Population Description |
---|
intent to treat population(all participants) |
Arm/Group Title | USG-guided Steroid Injection Group | Palpation-guided Steroid Injection Group |
---|---|---|
Arm/Group Description | In the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. USG-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus boIn the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone.ne and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. | In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. Palpation-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. |
Measure Participants | 34 | 32 |
Mean (Standard Deviation) [score on a scale] |
1.44
(2.08)
|
1.75
(2.46)
|
Title | Foot Function Index |
---|---|
Description | Foot Function Index(FFI) is a self-report questionnaire concerning foot function and pain. The FFI consists of 23 questions with scores 0-10 in three domains concerning foot pain, function and disability resulting in a total score range from 0 to 230. The score is validated for patients with plantar fasciitis with a minimal clinical important difference being 7 points. Higher values represent a worse outcome. |
Time Frame | day 0 (before intervention) |
Outcome Measure Data
Analysis Population Description |
---|
intent to treat population(all participants) |
Arm/Group Title | USG-guided Steroid Injection Group | Palpation-guided Steroid Injection Group |
---|---|---|
Arm/Group Description | In the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. USG-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus boIn the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone.ne and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. | In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. Palpation-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. |
Measure Participants | 34 | 32 |
Mean (Standard Deviation) [score on a scale] |
65.41
(12.78)
|
63.78
(13.80)
|
Title | Foot Function Index |
---|---|
Description | Foot Function Index(FFI) is a self-report questionnaire concerning foot function and pain. The FFI consists of 23 questions with scores 0-10 in three domains concerning foot pain, function and disability resulting in a total score range from 0 to 230. The score is validated for patients with plantar fasciitis with a minimal clinical important difference being 7 points. Higher values represent a worse outcome. |
Time Frame | 1 month after intervention |
Outcome Measure Data
Analysis Population Description |
---|
intent to treat population(all participants) |
Arm/Group Title | USG-guided Steroid Injection Group | Palpation-guided Steroid Injection Group |
---|---|---|
Arm/Group Description | In the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. USG-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus boIn the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone.ne and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. | In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. Palpation-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. |
Measure Participants | 34 | 32 |
Mean (Standard Deviation) [score on a scale] |
8.06
(13.46)
|
7.47
(13.66)
|
Title | Foot Function Index |
---|---|
Description | Foot Function Index(FFI) is a self-report questionnaire concerning foot function and pain. The FFI consists of 23 questions with scores 0-10 in three domains concerning foot pain, function and disability resulting in a total score range from 0 to 230. The score is validated for patients with plantar fasciitis with a minimal clinical important difference being 7 points. Higher values represent a worse outcome. |
Time Frame | 3 month after intervention |
Outcome Measure Data
Analysis Population Description |
---|
intent to treat population(all participants) |
Arm/Group Title | USG-guided Steroid Injection Group | Palpation-guided Steroid Injection Group |
---|---|---|
Arm/Group Description | In the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. USG-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus boIn the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone.ne and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. | In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. Palpation-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. |
Measure Participants | 34 | 32 |
Mean (Standard Deviation) [score on a scale] |
9.32
(14.15)
|
8.41
(14.53)
|
Adverse Events
Time Frame | adverse events were not monitored/assessed | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Adverse Event Reporting Description | adverse events were not monitored/assessed | |||
Arm/Group Title | USG-guided Steroid Injection Group | Palpation-guided Steroid Injection Group | ||
Arm/Group Description | In the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. USG-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus boIn the USG-guided group, steroid injection will be made to the area where the fascia is thickened under USG guidance. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone.ne and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. | In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. Palpation-guided steroid injection: In the palpation-guided group, the most painful point will be found by palpation on the calcaneus bone and steroid injection will be made to that part. The content of the steroid solution will be 1 ml of 1% Lidocaine + 1 ml (40 mg) methylprednisolone. | ||
All Cause Mortality |
||||
USG-guided Steroid Injection Group | Palpation-guided Steroid Injection Group | |||
Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
Total | 0/0 (NaN) | 0/0 (NaN) | ||
Serious Adverse Events |
||||
USG-guided Steroid Injection Group | Palpation-guided Steroid Injection Group | |||
Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
Total | 0/0 (NaN) | 0/0 (NaN) | ||
Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events |
||||
USG-guided Steroid Injection Group | Palpation-guided Steroid Injection Group | |||
Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
Total | 0/0 (NaN) | 0/0 (NaN) |
Limitations/Caveats
More Information
Certain Agreements
Principal Investigators are NOT employed by the organization sponsoring the study.
There is NOT an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed.
Results Point of Contact
Name/Title | Adem Erbirol |
---|---|
Organization | SultanAbdulhamid |
Phone | +905426608788 |
aerbirol@hotmail.com |
- dr.ademerbirol