Goal-Directed Therapy in Pregnant Women at High Risk of Developing Preeclampsia

Sponsor

Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital (Other)

Overall Status

Completed

CT.gov ID

NCT01351428

Collaborator

(none)

Enrollment

Location

Arm

Duration (Months)

0.9

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

Preeclampsia is associated with significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Early identification and subsequent management of patients at risk of developing preeclampsia presents an ongoing challenge in prenatal care. Some at risk pregnancies may be identified from:

serum screening abnormalities in the first or second trimester
placental shape and texture at the 18-20 anatomical ultrasound
uterine artery blood flow.

Early identification and effective treatment of patients would permit the safe completion of the pregnancy for the mother and infant. Recent advances in non-invasive cardiovascular monitoring have enabled the study of maternal hemodynamics in normal and at-risk pregnancies. This study hopes to identify the earliest significant changes in maternal hemodynamics which may allow targeted therapeutic interventions in patients at high risk of developing preeclampsia.

The hypothesis of this study is that systemic vascular resistance rises during the pre-clinical phase of preeclampsia and this can be captured using non invasive bioreactance technology. Treatment of the abnormally high vascular tone may decrease the severity and postpone the onset of clinical disease.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Pre-Eclampsia Pregnancy Hypertension	Drug: Nifedipine	N/A

Detailed Description

Invasive hemodynamic techniques have long identified significant increases in heart rate (HR), blood volume, left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. In normal pregnancy, CO increases from as early as 5 weeks gestation, with a 30-40% increase by the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. Cardiac output continues to rise throughout the second trimester until it reaches a level approximately 50% greater than that of non-pregnant women. Cardiac output slightly decreases during the third trimester. Despite these changes, maternal blood pressure (BP) still falls due to a large reduction in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) from systemic vasodilatation and the formation of a low-resistance utero-placental circulation. Systemic vascular resistance falls during early gestation, reaching its nadir (35% decline) at 20 weeks gestation, and rises during late pregnancy.

Transthoracic bioreactance is a newer technique of non-invasive continuous cardiac output monitoring. It is based on an analysis of relative phase shifts of oscillating currents that occur when this current traverses the thoracic cavity, as opposed to the traditional bioimpedance-based system, which rely only on measured changes in signal amplitude. Unlike bioimpedance, bioreactance-based non-invasive CO measurement does not use the static impedance and does not depend on the distance between the electrodes for the calculations of SV and CO, which significantly reduces the uncertainty in the result. Moreover, its readings were shown to correlate well with results derived from pulmonary artery catheter derived measurement of cardiac output. In addition, it has also been shown that the non-invasive cardiac output measurement (NICOM®) system has acceptable accuracy, precision and responsiveness for CO monitoring in patients experiencing a wide range of circulatory situations and has recently been used in the obstetric population.

The purpose of this study is to use non-invasive cardiac output monitoring to capture the earliest inappropriate rise in SVR during the pre clinical phase of disease, in patients at high risk of developing preeclampsia, as predicted by the placenta profile. In case an increase in SVR is identified, the purpose of this study is to implement a goal-directed therapy in an attempt to decrease the severity, and postpone the onset of clinical disease.

The hypothesis of this study is that the increases in SVR detected during the pre-clinical phase of preeclampsia can be treated with a goal directed therapy without fetal compromise and that this intervention may improve maternal and fetal/neonatal outcome.

Study Design

Study Type:

Interventional

Actual Enrollment :

20 participants

Allocation:

N/A

Intervention Model:

Single Group Assignment

Masking:

None (Open Label)

Primary Purpose:

Treatment

Official Title:

Non-invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring and Goal-Directed Therapy in Pregnant Women at High Risk of Developing Preeclampsia

Study Start Date :

Dec 1, 2010

Actual Primary Completion Date :

Nov 1, 2012

Actual Study Completion Date :

Nov 1, 2012

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Experimental: NICOM group Vasodilator therapy begins when SVR increases by 20% or greater than baseline. Therapy is titrated according to hemodynamic profile and clinical signs and symptoms.	Drug: Nifedipine 30-60 mg, twice daily Other Names: Adalat XL

Arm

Intervention/Treatment

Experimental: NICOM group

Vasodilator therapy begins when SVR increases by 20% or greater than baseline. Therapy is titrated according to hemodynamic profile and clinical signs and symptoms.

Drug: Nifedipine

30-60 mg, twice daily

Other Names:

Adalat XL

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Systemic vascular resistance [20-22, 24-26, 28, 30-32 and 36 weeks gestational age]
Systemic vascular resistance is measured at the above time points, and more frequently at the discretion of the attending obstetrician.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Maximum change in maternal blood pressure [20-22, 24-26, 28, 30-32 and 36 weeks gestational age]
Blood pressure is taken on the NICOM at the above time points, and more frequently at obstetric appointments in between.
Gestational age at delivery [25-41 weeks gestational age]
Fetal weight at delivery [25-41 weeks gestational age]
Gestational age at time of first hospitalization [25-41 weeks gestational age]
Gestational age at peak maternal blood pressure [20-41 weeks]
Gestational age at which steroids are administered [25-41 weeks gestational age]
Serum s-Flt and PlGF levels [12-41 weeks gestational age]

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

18 Years to 50 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study:

Female

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Inclusion Criteria:

Risk factors for preeclampsia/IUGR - medical or obstetric
Abnormal uterine artery Doppler
Two of the following:

Abnormal placental biochemistry Abnormal placental shape Abnormal placental texture

Exclusion Criteria:

Multifetal pregnancy
Fetal abnormality, including nuchal translucency more than 3mm at 12 weeks
Preterm labor/pprom/bleeding/rescue cerclage (excluding elective 12 week prophylactic cerclage)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Heparin use
Chronic hypertension on treatment before 20 weeks
Documented chronic renal disease