Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter for Volume Status Prediction in Severe Preeclampsia
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
A quick, non-invasive, bedside test to assess fluid status of patients with severe preeclampsia would be very helpful to ICU clinicians severe preeclampsia is associated with an increase in extravascular lung water (EVLW), which can be identified by lung ultrasound before appearance of clinical signs of pulmonary edema but this technique still requires several measurements and could be time consuming.
Optic ultrasound is also a safe and repeatable diagnostic tool, which is even quicker and simpler to perform than lung ultrasound. Increased ONSD is associated with increased ICP and it can indirectly reflect the state of intracranial edema that could be a part of generalized edema.
More data on the correlation between ONSD and markers of fluid status (EVLW by ultrasound) are needed before ONSD measurements can be recommended as a guide to fluid management in preeclampsia.
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Detailed Description
Severe preeclampsia (PE) is a progressive multisystem pregnancy disorder. It is considered the second leading cause of maternal death worldwide. Usually, it is diagnosed by the new-onset hypertension and either proteinuria or end-organ dysfunction in the second half of pregnancy.
Acute Pulmonary edema is potentially lethal and is the most common cardiopulmonary complication of preeclampsia. thus, meticulous fluid management of these patients is crucial but it is often difficult because the underlying endothelial damage leads to water, electrolytes, and plasma leakage from the intravascular space which produce significant fluid shifts into the interstitial space resulting in peripheral and/or central (pulmonary and central nervous system) edema. Also, there is a potential for hypovolemia due to the depletion of intravascular volume. Under-resuscitation of preeclampsia patients impairs organ perfusion; while on the other hand fluid overload leads to tissue edema and aggravates pulmonary edema. Therefore, fluid administration must be assessed to preserve organ perfusion, while preventing lung congestion and pulmonary edema.
Early detection of lung congestion would allow early and optimal management of these patients. Lung ultrasound was reported as a useful diagnostic tool which could identify increased levels of extravascular lung water (EVLW) in severe PE before clinical signs of pulmonary edema appear. Consequently, lung ultrasound could guide fluid management and identify those in need for diuretic therapy among severe PE patients. Though it is considered accurate, safe, and non-invasive valuable tool, its use could be limited by the need to several measurements that could be time consuming.
Changes in the Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter (ONSD) detected by ultrasound are considered an important clinical and radiographic demonstration of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) which is one of the consequences of preeclampsia. Therefore, Increased ONSD can indirectly reflect the state of intracranial edema that could be a part of generalized edema.
On ultrasound the ONSD is measured 3 mm posterior to the globe for both eyes. A position of 3 mm behind the globe is recommended because the ultrasound contrast is greatest; the results are more reproducible and the normal optic nerve sheath measures up to 5.0 mm in diameter. An average ONSD greater than 5 mm is considered abnormal and elevated intracranial pressure should be suspected.
Chen et al., studied ONSD and the intravascular volume status of patients after cardiac surgery and found that changes in ONSD can dynamically reflect changes in volume status in patients with postoperative cardiac surgery.
Study Design
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- the correlation of ONSD with EVLW [24 hour]
Ultrasound assessment was performed for all enrolled preeclampsia patients within 24 hour before delivery and at 24 hour post-delivery.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
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Patient acceptance.
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Singleton Pregnant female complicated with severe preeclampsia
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Age 18-40 years old.
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Accepted mental state of the patient.
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patient refusal to participate to the study.
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Mild preeclampsia
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Uncooperative patient or altered sensorium
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Ocular wound
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Pneumonia
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Interstitial lung disease
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History of prior ocular trauma or surgery
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Preexisting heart disease
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Known pulmonary disorders.
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Zagazig University Hospitals | Zagazig | Sharkia | Egypt | 44519 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Zagazig University
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Sherif M Mowafy, MD, Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University
- Study Director: Mohamed I Elsayed, MD, Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
- ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 202: Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Jan;133(1):1. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000003018.
- Ambrozic J, Brzan Simenc G, Prokselj K, Tul N, Cvijic M, Lucovnik M. Lung and cardiac ultrasound for hemodynamic monitoring of patients with severe pre-eclampsia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Jan;49(1):104-109. doi: 10.1002/uog.17331. Epub 2016 Dec 1.
- Chaiworapongsa T, Chaemsaithong P, Yeo L, Romero R. Pre-eclampsia part 1: current understanding of its pathophysiology. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2014 Aug;10(8):466-80. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2014.102. Epub 2014 Jul 8. Review.
- Dennis AT, Solnordal CB. Acute pulmonary oedema in pregnant women. Anaesthesia. 2012 Jun;67(6):646-59. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2012.07055.x. Epub 2012 Mar 15. Review.
- Dubost C, Le Gouez A, Jouffroy V, Roger-Christoph S, Benhamou D, Mercier FJ, Geeraerts T. Optic nerve sheath diameter used as ultrasonographic assessment of the incidence of raised intracranial pressure in preeclampsia: a pilot study. Anesthesiology. 2012 May;116(5):1066-71. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e318246ea1a.
- Hariharan N, Shoemaker A, Wagner S. Pathophysiology of hypertension in preeclampsia. Microvasc Res. 2017 Jan;109:34-37. doi: 10.1016/j.mvr.2016.10.002. Epub 2016 Oct 26. Review.
- Melchiorre K, Sharma R, Thilaganathan B. Cardiovascular implications in preeclampsia: an overview. Circulation. 2014 Aug 19;130(8):703-14. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003664. Review.
- Picano E, Pellikka PA. Ultrasound of extravascular lung water: a new standard for pulmonary congestion. Eur Heart J. 2016 Jul 14;37(27):2097-104. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw164. Epub 2016 May 12. Review.
- Pordeus ACB, Katz L, Soares MC, Maia SB, Amorim MMR. Acute pulmonary edema in an obstetric intensive care unit: A case series study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Jul;97(28):e11508. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000011508.
- Pretorius T, van Rensburg G, Dyer RA, Biccard BM. The influence of fluid management on outcomes in preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2018 May;34:85-95. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2017.12.004. Epub 2017 Dec 20. Review.
- Sekhon MS, Griesdale DE, Robba C, McGlashan N, Needham E, Walland K, Shook AC, Smielewski P, Czosnyka M, Gupta AK, Menon DK. Optic nerve sheath diameter on computed tomography is correlated with simultaneously measured intracranial pressure in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Intensive Care Med. 2014 Sep;40(9):1267-74. doi: 10.1007/s00134-014-3392-7. Epub 2014 Jul 18. Erratum in: Intensive Care Med. 2015 Jan;41(1):177. Intensive Care Med. 2015 Jan;41(1):177.
- Shyamsundar M, Attwood B, Keating L, Walden AP. Clinical review: the role of ultrasound in estimating extra-vascular lung water. Crit Care. 2013 Sep 13;17(5):237. doi: 10.1186/cc12710. Review.
- Volpicelli G, Elbarbary M, Blaivas M, Lichtenstein DA, Mathis G, Kirkpatrick AW, Melniker L, Gargani L, Noble VE, Via G, Dean A, Tsung JW, Soldati G, Copetti R, Bouhemad B, Reissig A, Agricola E, Rouby JJ, Arbelot C, Liteplo A, Sargsyan A, Silva F, Hoppmann R, Breitkreutz R, Seibel A, Neri L, Storti E, Petrovic T; International Liaison Committee on Lung Ultrasound (ILC-LUS) for International Consensus Conference on Lung Ultrasound (ICC-LUS). International evidence-based recommendations for point-of-care lung ultrasound. Intensive Care Med. 2012 Apr;38(4):577-91. doi: 10.1007/s00134-012-2513-4. Epub 2012 Mar 6. Review.
- Zieleskiewicz L, Contargyris C, Brun C, Touret M, Vellin A, Antonini F, Muller L, Bretelle F, Martin C, Leone M. Lung ultrasound predicts interstitial syndrome and hemodynamic profile in parturients with severe preeclampsia. Anesthesiology. 2014 Apr;120(4):906-14. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000102.
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