Innovative Service Delivery for Secondary Prevention of PTSD
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to determine whether therapy for Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) veterans with Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms can be delivered effectively using videoconferencing technology ("telepsychology"), which allows a therapist and patient who are not in the same room as one another to communicate.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
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N/A |
Detailed Description
OIF and OEF service men and women exposed to high levels of violence are at risk for developing mental health disorders including Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Even those with less severe symptoms who fail to meet diagnostic criteria for a mental health disorder may struggle to return to pre-deployment functioning. Studies suggest that a significant percentage of veterans may suffer from "subthreshold" PTSD; although their symptom presentation is less severe, these veterans experience emotional distress and reduced quality of life.
Given that Veterans Affairs (VA) mental-health service providers are faced with the important and challenging task of alleviating the emotional suffering of our service men and women while staying within budget confines, we need effective, practical, evidence-based treatments that can be delivered in an expedient and cost-effective manner. Thus, the current project has two primary objectives: 1) to develop, implement, and evaluate a treatment program (Behavioral Activation and Therapeutic Exposure, BATE) for OIF and OEF veterans with PTSD symptoms, and 2) to determine whether or not this program delivered via telepsychology will be as effective as in-person treatment. Secondary objectives include determining: 1) which treatment modality is more effective in terms of process variables (e.g., treatment satisfaction, session attendance), 2) which treatment modality is more cost-effective, and 3) whether treatment effects differ across race and gender. Study participants will be randomized to two treatment conditions, BATE delivered via telepsychology (BATE-T) and BATE delivered in-person (BATE-IP).
The current treatment protocol is based on two, research-supported therapeutic rationales, Behavioral Activation (BA) and Therapeutic Exposure (TE). Briefly, the treatment aims to increase the participant's engagement in healthy activities (i.e., activities that are naturally reinforcing and promote the participant's life values) and exposure activities (i.e., activities that target specific PTSD symptoms such as avoidance and hyperarousal). Treatment will be implemented in eight, one and half hour sessions. Although research supports the effectiveness of behavior- and exposure-based treatments for trauma-related mental health problems, a potential risk for any counseling program that targets avoidance symptoms is a temporary increase in emotional distress. Therapists will inform participants that this is a normal "side effect" of treatment. However, over the course of treatment should a participant's emotional distress rise to a level above what can be handled via outpatient counseling, the participant will be removed from the study and appropriate referrals will be made.
The anticipated duration of this study is four years. Based on results of the study, we will finalize the treatment manual. In terms of clinical applicability, we plan to present study findings at conferences and disseminate the treatment manual to VA mental health service providers in approximately four to five years. Study findings will address important gaps in the PTSD literature, yielding several contributions to the field. First, to the extent that BATE effectively reduces symptom severity, this investigational treatment may benefit individual OIF/OEF service men and women by alleviating emotional suffering and improving quality of life. Second, to the extent that BATE prevents the development of full-blown PTSD in subclinical military personnel, this investigational treatment may reduce attrition from the military due to untreated mental health problems. Third, only a small percentage of those who might benefit from counseling actually seek services due to barriers associated with traditional service delivery practices such as geographic distance from the VA hospital and stigma of psychological treatment. Thus, as telemedicine has been shown to circumvent these barriers to care, the current project has the potential to reach an otherwise underserved population: subclinical OIF and OEF service men and women who may be reluctant to seek care. Fourth, to the extent that BATE-T produces results comparable to BATE-IP, this study may potentially identify a cost-effective alternative to in-person treatment thereby reducing post-service treatment costs to VA's.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: BATE-T Behavioral Activation Therapeutic Exposure done while the patient is at home via videoconferencing technology |
Behavioral: Behavioral Activation Therapeutic Exposure (BATE)
This intervention combines Behavior Activation Therapy and Exposure Therapy to treat PTSD symptoms.
|
| Active Comparator: BATE-IP Behavioral Activation Therapeutic Exposure done in the therapist's office |
Behavioral: Behavioral Activation Therapeutic Exposure (BATE)
This intervention combines Behavior Activation Therapy and Exposure Therapy to treat PTSD symptoms.
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- The major objective of this study is to determine if Behavioral Activation with Therapeutic Exposure (BATE) delivered via Telemedicine is as effective as BATE In Person. [1 year]
This is measured in terms of (1) clinical (PTSD and Depression); (2) process (Treatment Satisfaction and Attrition); and (3) economic (Cost) outcomes.
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) [Baseline]
- Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) [8 weeks]
- Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) [3 months]
- Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) [1 year]
- The Deployment Risk and Resiliency Inventory (DRRI) [Baseline]
- PTSD Checklist-Military (PCL-M) [Baseline]
- PTSD Checklist-Military (PCL-M) [4 weeks]
- PTSD Checklist-Military (PCL-M) [8 weeks]
- PTSD Checklist-Military (PCL-M) [3 months]
- PTSD Checklist-Military (PCL-M) [1 year]
- Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) [Baseline]
- Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) [4 weeks]
- Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) [8 weeks]
- Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) [3 months]
- Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) [1 year]
- Health Related Functioning: Medical Outcome Study Short Study Forms-36 Health Survey (SF 36) [Baseline]
- Health Related Functioning: Medical Outcome Study Short Study Forms-36 Health Survey (SF 36) [4 weeks]
- Health Related Functioning: Medical Outcome Study Short Study Forms-36 Health Survey (SF 36) [8 weeks]
- Health Related Functioning: Medical Outcome Study Short Study Forms-36 Health Survey (SF 36) [3 months]
- Health Related Functioning: Medical Outcome Study Short Study Forms-36 Health Survey (SF 36) [1 year]
- Charleston Psychiatric Outpatient Satisfaction Scale (CPOSS-VA) [8 weeks]
- Service Delivery Perceptions Questionnaire [8 weeks]
- Prior Experience with Computer and Audiovisual Technology [Baseline]
Short measure to learn more about participants' prior experience and comfort level with computers and audiovisual technology
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
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Participants will be OIF/OEF military personnel,
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age 21 and above, and
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with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) assigned on the basis of the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and PTSD Checklist-Military (PCL-M).
Exclusion Criteria:
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Actively psychotic or demented persons,
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individuals with both suicidal ideation and clear intent, and
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individuals meeting criteria for substance dependence will be excluded from participation.
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Medical University of South Carolina | Charleston | South Carolina | United States | 29403 |
| 2 | Ralph H. Johnson VAMC | Charleston | South Carolina | United States | 29403 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Charleston Research Institute
- United States Department of Defense
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Ronald Acierno, PhD, VA Office of Research and Development
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
- Acierno R, Rheingold A, Amstadter A, Kurent J, Amella E, Resnick H, Muzzy W, Lejuez C. Behavioral activation and therapeutic exposure for bereavement in older adults. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2012 Feb;29(1):13-25. doi: 10.1177/1049909111411471. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
- Gros DF, Price M, Strachan M, Yuen EK, Milanak ME, Acierno R. Behavioral activation and therapeutic exposure: an investigation of relative symptom changes in PTSD and depression during the course of integrated behavioral activation, situational exposure, and imaginal exposure techniques. Behav Modif. 2012 Jul;36(4):580-99. doi: 10.1177/0145445512448097. Epub 2012 Jun 7.
- Gros DF, Price M, Yuen EK, Acierno R. Predictors of completion of exposure therapy in OEF/OIF veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2013 Nov;30(11):1107-13. doi: 10.1002/da.22207. Epub 2013 Oct 21.
- Gros DF, Strachan M, Ruggiero KJ, Knapp RG, Frueh BC, Egede LE, Lejuez CW, Tuerk PW, Acierno R. Innovative service delivery for secondary prevention of PTSD in at-risk OIF-OEF service men and women. Contemp Clin Trials. 2011 Jan;32(1):122-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2010.10.003. Epub 2010 Oct 14.
- Gros DF, Veronee K, Strachan M, Ruggiero KJ, Acierno R. Managing suicidality in home-based telehealth. J Telemed Telecare. 2011;17(6):332-5. doi: 10.1258/jtt.2011.101207. Epub 2011 Aug 15.
- Lejuez CW, Hopko DR, Acierno R, Daughters SB, Pagoto SL. Ten year revision of the brief behavioral activation treatment for depression: revised treatment manual. Behav Modif. 2011 Mar;35(2):111-61. doi: 10.1177/0145445510390929.
- Price M, Gros DF, Strachan M, Ruggiero KJ, Acierno R. Combat experiences, pre-deployment training, and outcome of exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder in Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2013 Jul-Aug;20(4):277-85. doi: 10.1002/cpp.1768. Epub 2012 Jan 18.
- Price M, Gros DF, Strachan M, Ruggiero KJ, Acierno R. The Role of Social Support in Exposure Therapy for Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom Veterans: A Preliminary Investigation. Psychol Trauma. 2013 Jan 1;5(1):93-100.
- Strachan M, Gros DF, Ruggiero KJ, Lejuez CW, Acierno R. An integrated approach to delivering exposure-based treatment for symptoms of PTSD and depression in OIF/OEF veterans: preliminary findings. Behav Ther. 2012 Sep;43(3):560-9. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.003. Epub 2011 May 24.
- Strachan M, Gros DF, Yuen E, Ruggiero KJ, Foa EB, Acierno R. Home-based telehealth to deliver evidence-based psychotherapy in veterans with PTSD. Contemp Clin Trials. 2012 Mar;33(2):402-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2011.11.007. Epub 2011 Nov 11.
- DoD Acierno