Reliability and Validity of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia

Sponsor

Pamukkale University (Other)

Overall Status

Completed

CT.gov ID

NCT05878509

Collaborator

(none)

170

Enrollment

Location

Actual Duration (Months)

3.3

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

The aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) in patients with traumatic hand and forearm injuries.

A total of 170 patients with traumatic hand-forearm injuries with a mean age of 37.57±11.85 (18-63) years were included in the study. TSK, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were applied to the patients in the first session. Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia was re-administered 15 days after the first session. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the TSK were evaluated. In addition, exploratory factor analysis was applied.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Hand Injuries Forearm Injuries Trauma	Other: conducting questionnaires Other: assesment of the severity and pain

Study Design

Study Type:

Observational

Actual Enrollment :

170 participants

Observational Model:

Cohort

Time Perspective:

Prospective

Official Title:

Reliability and Validity of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia in Patients With Traumatic Hand-forearm Injuries

Actual Study Start Date :

Nov 29, 2018

Actual Primary Completion Date :

Mar 1, 2020

Actual Study Completion Date :

Mar 1, 2023

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
patients with traumatic hand-forearm injuries The patients between the ages of 18-65 who were referred to the hand rehabilitation unit due to traumatic hand and forearm injuries, those who did not have any neurological, orthopedic, rheumatological disease or surgery history in the relevant extremity and those who did not have communication problems were eligible to participate in the study.	Other: conducting questionnaires The patients were administered TSK, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) by face to face interview technique. Other: assesment of the severity and pain The Modified Hand Injury Scoring System (MHISS) to determine the severity of the injury, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to evaluate perceived pain levels were used.

Arm

Intervention/Treatment

patients with traumatic hand-forearm injuries

The patients between the ages of 18-65 who were referred to the hand rehabilitation unit due to traumatic hand and forearm injuries, those who did not have any neurological, orthopedic, rheumatological disease or surgery history in the relevant extremity and those who did not have communication problems were eligible to participate in the study.

Other: conducting questionnaires

The patients were administered TSK, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) by face to face interview technique.

Other: assesment of the severity and pain

The Modified Hand Injury Scoring System (MHISS) to determine the severity of the injury, and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) to evaluate perceived pain levels were used.

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (change) [The evaluation were completed in the first session when the patient applied to the hand rehabilitation unit, and it was also repeated 15 days after the first session. The exact time is post-operative/post-injury 2nd week and 4th week. Change]
TSK was developed in 1991 (Miller, Kori, & Todd, 1991), but was not published until 1995 (Liu et al., 2021). It is a 17-item scale and is scored with a 4-point Likert scale (1= Strongly disagree, 4= Strongly agree). A total score ranging from 17 to 68 was obtained after reversing items 4, 8, 12 and 16. The higher the score, the higher the kinesiophobia degree. The Turkish version of the questionnaire has been developed (Yilmaz, Yakut, Uygur, & Uluğ, 2011). The cut-off score of the TSK has been reported as 37 (Wertli, Rasmussen-Barr, Weiser, Bachmann, & Brunner, 2014).
Pain Catastrophizing Scale [The evaluation were completed in the first session for once when the patient applied to the hand rehabilitation unit. The exact time is post-operative/post-injury 2nd week.]
PCS is a scale developed to determine the catastrophic thoughts or feelings about pain experience and ineffective coping skills (Sullivan, Bishop, & Pivik, 1995). It consists of 13 items and three sub-factors: helplessness, magnification and rumination. A Likert-type scale scored between 0-4 is used to obtain a total score ranging from 0 to 52. High score indicates that patients' catastrophizing levels are also high. The Turkish validity-reliability study of the questionnaire was conducted (Ugurlu, Karakas Ugurlu, Erten, & Caykoylu, 2017).
Beck Anxiety Inventory [The evaluation were completed in the first session for once when the patient applied to the hand rehabilitation unit. The exact time is post-operative/post-injury 2nd week.]
BAI is a self-report scale developed by Beck et al. and used to determine the frequency of anxiety symptoms (Beck, Epstein, Brown, & Steer, 1988). It is a Likert-type scale consisting of 21 items each scored between 0 and 3. Turkish validity and reliability were performed by Ulusoy et al (Ulusoy, Sahin, & Erkmen, 1998).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Modified Hand Injury Scoring System [The evaluation were completed in the first session for once when the patient applied to the hand rehabilitation unit.The exact time is post-operative/post-injury 2nd week.]
MHISS is a scoring system developed to determine injury severity in hand and forearm injuries in 4 components: integument (skin and nail), skeletal (bone and ligament), motor (tendon) and neurovascular (nerve and vascular). Each component includes absolute scores and weighted scores considering the functional importance of the affected ray. If there are additional factors such as wound contamination, a compound fracture, crush, or avulsion, the total score for each component is doubled. All anatomical structures missing due to amputation are scored as damaged. The total MHISS is obtained by summing up the scores of all components and divided into four categories as minor (<20), moderate (21-50), severe (51-100) and major (> 101) injuries (Urso-Baiarda et al., 2008).
Visual Analogue Scale [The evaluation were completed in the first session for once when the patient applied to the hand rehabilitation unit.The exact time is post-operative/post-injury 2nd week.]
The pain severity of the patients was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). "0" indicates no pain, and "10" indicates the most severe pain perceived. Perceived pain levels were questioned during sleeping, resting and activity.

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

18 Years to 65 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Inclusion Criteria:

patients who had traumatic hand and forearm injuries
being 18-65 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

patients who have neurological, orthopedic, rheumatological disease or surgery history in the relevant extremity
patients who have communication problems