CRS: The Effectiveness of Topical Silver Colloid in Treating Patients With Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
Chronic rhinosinusitis without polyposis (CRSsP) is a very common condition that occurs when the lining of the sinuses becomes persistently irritated. Standard management options include topical steroids, antibiotics and surgery, but treatment-resistant CRSsP is frequently encountered. Bacterial biofilms are routinely detected within the nasal mucosa of CRSsP patients and are now thought to play an important role in the protracted nature of the disease. Colloidal silver is a widely used naturopathic agent that has recently been shown to eliminate bacteria, and in particular in vitro sinusitis biofilms, in laboratory studies. Although silver is currently used in a variety of chronic wound therapies, it has not yet been formally studied in people with CRSsP. It is our intention with this project to determine whether colloidal silver is a useful treatment strategy for patients with refractory CRS.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
Phase 1/Phase 2 |
Detailed Description
The paranasal sinuses are within the bones of the face and head. Six paired sinuses are present in humans, and although their exact function is a topic for debate, they appear to play several roles ranging from cushioning the brain during trauma to increasing resonance of the voice and releasing nitric oxide to help with lung physiology. The sinuses are lined with a layer of respiratory epithelium that normally secretes a small amount of mucus to keep the sinuses lubricated and contains cilia to help sweep away debris. Rhinosinusitis occurs when this lining gets infected or irritated which can lead to excessive mucus production and impaired mucus drainage. It is a very prevalent condition affecting up to 16% of the population and is the fifth most common diagnosis generating an antibiotic prescription1,2.
Chronic rhinosinusitis without polyposis (CRSsP) is characterized by persistent symptoms of nasal congestion, mucus discharge from the nose, facial pain or anosmia for at least three months. Unlike acute rhinosinusitis, which is usually caused by infection, CRSsP can have more elusive causes and can be profoundly more complicated.3 Due to the challenging nature of CRS, physicians often use a variety of treatment strategies against it.3 Potential treatments for CRSsP include lifestyle modifications (quitting smoking, reduce allergen exposure, etc.), nasal saline irrigations, nasal corticosteroid spray or irrigations, antibiotics and surgery. Typically, there is a stepwise fashion to the therapy offered to patients whereby the more aggressive or invasive modalities are reserved for those who did not benefit from simpler approaches. Even despite all these regimens there is a small subset of patients who continue to fare poorly. One thought toward the reason for this centers on the frequent presence of biofilms within the sinuses of recalcitrant CRSsP patients.4
Biofilms have been reported in CRS populations for a decade now by a number of authors.4,5 Furthermore, their presence has been linked to more severe disease both pre and post-operatively. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization investigators have been able to identify staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Haemophilus influenza (H. influenza) as the most common biofilm-forming organisms.5 In fact, H. influenza biofilms seem to be more common in milder patterns of CRS, whereas S. aureus biofilms are present in more severe, refractory forms of the disease.5 A very recently published study demonstrated colloidal silver directly attenuating S. aureus biofilms in vitro and herein lays the premise of our study.6
Interest in colloidal silver, a commercially available naturopathic product, was sparked after clinical improvements were seen in a number of recalcitrant CRS patients who sprayed the agent intranasally. Silver has long been used for its bactericidal properties, as it is one of the most toxic elements to microorganisms.7 Silver-impregnated dressings and catheters are currently used in the treatment of burns, ulcers and chronic wounds. Clear advantages of silver over modern antibiotics include broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, fungi, protozoa and some viruses as well as the general absence of resistance developing in a number of bacterial species.7,8 In addition, silver has been shown to have activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development.9
The main reasons colloidal silver fell out of use as an antiseptic are due in large part to the advent of antibiotics, uncertain safety, and the production of argyria on ingestion10. Although it is not yet known which dose of silver is required to cause argyria, all case reports to date are following excessive daily consumption of the element over a period of years10,11. Topical application of silver has been reported to cause localized argyria whereas systemic toxicity is generally the result of longstanding oral intake12. Argyria is more or less a benign condition characterized by a slate-grey metallic appearance of the skin. Apart from skin discoloration, extreme cases of systemic silver toxicity can be associated with thrombocytopenia, abnormal clotting, renal impairment, proteinuria, and neurological symptoms such as seizures, loss of coordination and sensory loss12. All of these possible side effects are exceedingly rare and are not expected to be an issue in this study. There is, however, a possibility that there might be localized pigmentation of the nasal mucosa, of which there are no significant consequences13.
Our goal with this project is to test whether topical silver colloid is a feasible treatment option for patients with refractory CRS. With the recent publication of a proof of mechanism study6, the investigators are looking to extend the same notion into a proof of concept investigation. The investigators propose taking twenty volunteer patients with recalcitrant CRS and trial randomized to a course of daily intranasal silver colloid for 6 weeks followed by saline, or vice versa. Pre and post-treatment measurements will be taken using validated scoring systems for CRS patients14-16. These include the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22)14, Lund-Kennedy score15 and the Smell Identification Test16, which examine quality of life indices, endoscopic assessments and sense of smell, respectively. Should the results of this preliminary study be in favor of silver colloid use in CRS patients the investigator should look into arranging a formal Randomized-Controlled Clinical Trial.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Saline then Silver Colloid Each participant uses 6 weeks of Saline first (Frequency= 2 sprays twice daily; Route= topical intra-nasal spray; Duration= 6 weeks) followed by 6 weeks of silver colloid (Dose= 6.7mcg silver daily; Frequency= 2 sprays twice daily; Route= Topical intra-nasal spray; Duration= 6 weeks) |
Drug: Silver Colloid
Topical silver colloid will be administered for 6 weeks. This will either occur before topical saline nasal spray. Participants are randomized as to the order of sprays. The commercially available silver colloid product, Sovereign Silver Mineral Supplement, will be used.
Other Names:
Other: Saline
Topical saline will be administered for 6 weeks. This will occur before the topical silver colloidal nasal spray. Participants are randomized as to the order of sprays.
|
| Experimental: Silver Colloid then Saline Each participant uses 6 weeks of Silver Colloid first (Dose= 6.7mcg silver daily; Frequency= 2 sprays twice daily; Route= Topical intra-nasal spray; Duration= 6 weeks) followed by 6 weeks of saline (Frequency= 2 sprays twice daily; Route= topical intra-nasal spray; Duration= 6 weeks). |
Drug: Silver Colloid
Topical silver colloid will be administered for 6 weeks. This will either occur before topical saline nasal spray. Participants are randomized as to the order of sprays. The commercially available silver colloid product, Sovereign Silver Mineral Supplement, will be used.
Other Names:
Other: Saline
Topical saline will be administered for 6 weeks. This will occur before the topical silver colloidal nasal spray. Participants are randomized as to the order of sprays.
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Change in Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 Score Between Baseline and 6 Weeks, Then 6 Weeks to 12 Weeks. [6 weeks]
The Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 is a quality of life questionnaire examining the social and emotional distress of CRS. The scores range from 0 to 110 with higher scores representing more severe disease. Total score is reported. Higher values are a worse outcome.
- Change in Endoscopic Lund-Kennedy Score From Baseline to 6 Weeks, Then 6 Weeks to 12 Weeks [6 weeks]
Endoscopic evaluation of the individual paranasal sinuses (left and right) and the degree of obstruction of the osteomeatal unit. Scores range from 0 to 24 with a higher number representing more severe disease.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
-
A history of twelve or more weeks with at least 2 of the following:
-
Nasal congestion
-
Mucus discharge from the nose or mucus that drips down the back of the throat
-
Facial pain or pressure
-
A decrease sense of smell
-
A history of at least 2 of the following
-
One or more failed functional endoscopic sinus surgeries for CRS
-
Failed oral, culture-directed antibiotic therapy for CRS
-
Failed oral or topical steroid therapy for CRS
-
Failed baby shampoo nasal irrigation therapy for CRS
-
Failed topical mupirocin therapy for CRS
-
Failed Manuka honey irrigations for CRS
-
Failed budesonide irrigations for CRS
Exclusion Criteria:
-
Patients with nasal polyposis
-
Patients with existing autoimmune disorders
-
Patients with an allergy to silver
-
Patients with diabetes
-
Patients that have previously used colloidal silver as a naturopathic remedy
-
Patients that are pregnant, attempting/planning to become pregnant or breastfeeding
-
Patients below the age of 18 years
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Saint Joseph's Health Care | London | Ontario | Canada | N6A 4V2 |
| 2 | St. Joseph's Health Care | London | Ontario | Canada |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Lawson Health Research Institute
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Leigh Sowerby, MD, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry/Otolaryngology
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
None provided.- 106309
Study Results
Participant Flow
| Recruitment Details | |
|---|---|
| Pre-assignment Detail |
| Arm/Group Title | Saline, Then Silver Colloid | Silver Colloid, Then Saline |
|---|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | Cross-over control Each participant does 6 weeks of topical nasal saline, followed by 6 weeks of topical nasal silver colloid (Dose= 6.7mcg silver daily; Frequency= 2 sprays in each nostril twice daily; Route= Topical intra-nasal spray; Duration= 6 weeks) Topical silver colloid: Patients will be provided with a standardized silver colloid spray and asked to place two sprays into each nostril twice daily for a total of 6 weeks. The commercially available silver colloid product, Sovereign Silver Mineral Supplement, will be used. Topical Saline | Cross-over control Each participant receives 6 weeks of topical nasal silver colloid, followed by 6 weeks of saline (Dose= 6.7mcg silver daily; Frequency= 2 sprays in each nostril twice daily; Route= Topical intra-nasal spray; Duration= 6 weeks) Topical silver colloid: Patients will be provided with a standardized silver colloid spray and asked to place two sprays into each nostril twice daily for a total of 6 weeks. The commercially available silver colloid product, Sovereign Silver Mineral Supplement, will be used. |
| Period Title: Overall Study | ||
| STARTED | 10 | 12 |
| COMPLETED | 8 | 12 |
| NOT COMPLETED | 2 | 0 |
Baseline Characteristics
| Arm/Group Title | Saline Then Silver Colloid | Silver Colloid Then Saline | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | Each participant uses 6 weeks of saline (Frequency= 2 sprays twice daily; Route= topical intra-nasal spray; Duration= 6 weeks) followed by 6 weeks of silver colloid (Dose= 6.7mcg silver daily; Frequency= 2 sprays twice daily; Route= Topical intra-nasal spray; Duration= 6 weeks) | Each participant uses 6 weeks of silver colloid (Dose= 6.7mcg silver daily; Frequency= 2 sprays twice daily; Route= Topical intra-nasal spray; Duration= 6 weeks) followed by 6 weeks of saline (Frequency= 2 sprays twice daily; Route= topical intra-nasal spray; Duration= 6 weeks). | Total of all reporting groups |
| Overall Participants | 10 | 12 | 22 |
| Age (Count of Participants) | |||
| <=18 years |
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
| Between 18 and 65 years |
7
70%
|
8
66.7%
|
15
68.2%
|
| >=65 years |
3
30%
|
4
33.3%
|
7
31.8%
|
| Age (years) [Mean (Full Range) ] | |||
| Mean (Full Range) [years] |
65.8
|
62.3
|
64.7
|
| Sex: Female, Male (Count of Participants) | |||
| Female |
6
60%
|
2
16.7%
|
8
36.4%
|
| Male |
4
40%
|
10
83.3%
|
14
63.6%
|
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected (Count of Participants) | |||
| Count of Participants [Participants] |
0
0%
|
||
| Region of Enrollment (Count of Participants) | |||
| Canada |
10
100%
|
12
100%
|
22
100%
|
| SNOT-22 score (units on a scale) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ] | |||
| Mean (Standard Deviation) [units on a scale] |
59.3
(19.4)
|
52.8
(19.2)
|
54.2
(20.1)
|
| Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score (units on a scale) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ] | |||
| Mean (Standard Deviation) [units on a scale] |
7.8
(2.2)
|
6.8
(2.3)
|
7.1
(2.2)
|
Outcome Measures
| Title | Change in Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 Score Between Baseline and 6 Weeks, Then 6 Weeks to 12 Weeks. |
|---|---|
| Description | The Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 is a quality of life questionnaire examining the social and emotional distress of CRS. The scores range from 0 to 110 with higher scores representing more severe disease. Total score is reported. Higher values are a worse outcome. |
| Time Frame | 6 weeks |
Outcome Measure Data
| Analysis Population Description |
|---|
| [Not Specified] |
| Arm/Group Title | Saline, Then Silver Colloid | Silver Colloid, Then Saline |
|---|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | Cross-over control Each participant does 6 weeks of topical nasal saline, followed by 6 weeks of topical nasal silver colloid (Dose= 6.7mcg silver daily; Frequency= 2 sprays in each nostril daily; Route= Topical intra-nasal spray; Duration= 3 months) Topical silver colloid: Patients will be provided with a standardized silver colloid spray and asked to place two sprays into each nostril daily for a total of three consecutive months. The commercially available silver colloid product, Sovereign Silver Mineral Supplement, will be used. | Each participant receives the full 12 weeks of topical nasal silver colloid (Dose= 6.7mcg silver daily; Frequency= 2 sprays in each nostril daily; Route= Topical intra-nasal spray; Duration= 3 months) Topical silver colloid: Patients will be provided with a standardized silver colloid spray and asked to place two sprays into each nostril daily for a total of three consecutive months. The commercially available silver colloid product, Sovereign Silver Mineral Supplement, will be used. |
| Measure Participants | 8 | 12 |
| baseline |
59.3
(19.4)
|
52.9
(19.2)
|
| 6 weeks |
45.4
(16.8)
|
51.8
(24.4)
|
| 12 weeks |
49.3
(17.9)
|
56.5
(23.5)
|
| Title | Change in Endoscopic Lund-Kennedy Score From Baseline to 6 Weeks, Then 6 Weeks to 12 Weeks |
|---|---|
| Description | Endoscopic evaluation of the individual paranasal sinuses (left and right) and the degree of obstruction of the osteomeatal unit. Scores range from 0 to 24 with a higher number representing more severe disease. |
| Time Frame | 6 weeks |
Outcome Measure Data
| Analysis Population Description |
|---|
| chronic rhinosinusitis without polyposis patients |
| Arm/Group Title | Saline Then Silver Colloid | Silver Colloid Then Saline |
|---|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | Each participant uses 6 weeks of Saline first (Frequency= 2 sprays twice daily; Route= topical intra-nasal spray; Duration= 6 weeks) followed by 6 weeks of silver colloid (Dose= 6.7mcg silver daily; Frequency= 2 sprays twice daily; Route= Topical intra-nasal spray; Duration= 6 weeks) Silver Colloid: Topical silver colloid will be administered for 6 weeks. This will either occur before topical saline nasal spray. Participants are randomized as to the order of sprays. The commercially available silver colloid product, Sovereign Silver Mineral Supplement, will be used. Saline: Topical saline will be administered for 6 weeks. This will occur before the topical silver colloidal nasal spray. Participants are randomized as to the order of sprays. | Each participant uses 6 weeks of Silver Colloid first (Dose= 6.7mcg silver daily; Frequency= 2 sprays twice daily; Route= Topical intra-nasal spray; Duration= 6 weeks) followed by 6 weeks of saline (Frequency= 2 sprays twice daily; Route= topical intra-nasal spray; Duration= 6 weeks). Silver Colloid: Topical silver colloid will be administered for 6 weeks. This will either occur before topical saline nasal spray. Participants are randomized as to the order of sprays. The commercially available silver colloid product, Sovereign Silver Mineral Supplement, will be used. Saline: Topical saline will be administered for 6 weeks. This will occur before the topical silver colloidal nasal spray. Participants are randomized as to the order of sprays. |
| Measure Participants | 8 | 12 |
| baseline |
7.8
(2.2)
|
6.8
(2.3)
|
| 6 weeks |
5.9
(1.6)
|
5.7
(2.8)
|
| 12 weeks |
4.8
(2.7)
|
4.7
(1.6)
|
Adverse Events
| Time Frame | Adverse events were collected over the entire 12 week period patients were enrolled in the study. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adverse Event Reporting Description | ||||
| Arm/Group Title | Saline Intervention | Colloidal Silver Intervention | ||
| Arm/Group Description | Adverse events that occurred during time using saline intervention are reported here. | Adverse events that occurred during time using colloidal silver intervention are reported here. | ||
All Cause Mortality |
||||
| Saline Intervention | Colloidal Silver Intervention | |||
| Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
| Total | / (NaN) | / (NaN) | ||
Serious Adverse Events |
||||
| Saline Intervention | Colloidal Silver Intervention | |||
| Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
| Total | 0/22 (0%) | 0/22 (0%) | ||
Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events |
||||
| Saline Intervention | Colloidal Silver Intervention | |||
| Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
| Total | 0/22 (0%) | 2/22 (9.1%) | ||
| Infections and infestations | ||||
| Acute exacerbation of sinusitis/severe nasal obstruction | 0/22 (0%) | 0 | 2/22 (9.1%) | 2 |
Limitations/Caveats
More Information
Certain Agreements
Principal Investigators are NOT employed by the organization sponsoring the study.
There is NOT an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed.
Results Point of Contact
| Name/Title | Dr. Leigh Sowerby |
|---|---|
| Organization | St. Joseph's Healthcare London |
| Phone | 519-646-6143 |
| leigh.sowerby@sjhc.london.on.ca |
- 106309