Paliperidone Extended Release in Schizophrenia Participants With Duration of Illness Less Than 10 Years

• Sponsor: Janssen-Cilag S.p.A. (Industry)
• Overall Status: Completed
• CT.gov ID: NCT01362439
• Collaborator: (none)
• Enrollment: 133
• Arm: 1
• Duration (Months): 13.9

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of paliperidone extended release (ER) in symptomatic participants with schizophrenia (psychiatric disorder with symptoms of emotional instability, detachment from reality, often with delusions and hallucinations, and withdrawal into the self) who were receiving treatment with any oral (having to do with the mouth) antipsychotic medication and who needed to be switched to paliperidone ER from the current oral antipsychotic therapy due to insufficient efficacy or due to side effects.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Schizophrenia	Drug: Paliperidone ER	Phase 4

Detailed Description

This is an open-label (all people know the identity of the intervention), multi-centric (conducted in more than one center) and non-comparative study of paliperidone ER in participants with schizophrenia who have a previous history of bad adherence to the antipsychotic treatment because of insufficient efficacy and side-effects. All the eligible participants will receive a dose of paliperidone ER in range of 3 to 12 milligram (mg) orally (taken by mouth; to be swallowed) once daily for 13 weeks. Efficacy and safety will primarily be evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndromes Scale (PANSS) and Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS), respectively. Participants' safety will be monitored throughout the study.

Study Design

• Study Type: Interventional
• Actual Enrollment: 133 participants
• Allocation: N/A
• Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)
• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Official Title: Efficacy and Tolerability of Flexible Doses of Paliperidone ER in Symptomatic Subjects With Schizophrenia With Duration of Illness < 10 Years
• Study Start Date: Jan 1, 2009
• Actual Primary Completion Date: Mar 1, 2010
• Actual Study Completion Date: Mar 1, 2010

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Experimental: Paliperidone ER	Drug: Paliperidone ER; Participants will be administered paliperidone extended release (ER) tablets orally (taken by mouth; to be swallowed) once daily in the dose range of 3 to 12 milligram (mg) for 13 weeks. Dose will be increased or decreased as per Investigator's discretion.

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

1. Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Total Score at Week 13 [Baseline and Week 13]

   The PANSS is a 30-item scale designed to assess various symptoms of schizophrenia (psychiatric disorder with symptoms of emotional instability, detachment from reality, often with delusions and hallucinations, and withdrawal into the self) including delusions, grandiosity, blunted affect, poor attention, and poor impulse control. The 30 symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale that ranges from 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme psychopathology). The PANSS total score consists of the sum of all 30 PANSS items and ranges from 30 to 210, higher scores indicate worsening.

Secondary Outcome Measures

1. Change in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Positive Subscale Score at Week 13 [Baseline and Week 13]

   The PANSS Positive Subscale assesses seven positive-symptoms of schizophrenia. Positive symptoms refer to an excess or distortion of normal functions. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 7 (absent) to 49 (extreme psychopathology).

2. Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Negative Subscale Score at Week 13 [Baseline and Week 13]

   The PANSS Negative Subscale assesses seven negative-symptoms of schizophrenia. Negative symptoms represent a diminution or loss of normal functions. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 7 (absent) to 49 (extreme psychopathology).

3. Change in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) General Psychopathology Subscale Score at Week 13 [Baseline and Week 13]

   The PANSS General Psychopathology Subscale Score assesses 16 general psychopathology symptoms. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 16 (absent) to 112 (extreme psychopathology).

4. Percentage of Participants With Greater Than or Equal to 30 Percent Treatment Response in Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Score [Baseline and Week 13]

   The PANSS is a 30-item scale designed to assess various symptoms of schizophrenia (psychiatric disorder with symptoms of emotional instability, detachment from reality, often with delusions and hallucinations, and withdrawal into the self) including delusions, grandiosity, blunted affect, poor attention, and poor impulse control. The 30 symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale that ranges from 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme psychopathology). The PANSS total score consists of the sum of all 30 PANSS items and ranges from 30 to 210, higher scores indicate worsening.

5. Change From Baseline in Subjective Well-being Under Neuroleptic (SWN 20) Scale at Week 13 [Baseline and Week 13]

   The SWN 20 scale is a 20 item scale that was originally designed to explore the subjective experience of psychotic participants. The SWN scale contains five sub-scales consisting of four items each: mental functioning (MF), self control (SC), emotional regulation (ER), and social integration (SI), physical functioning (PF). The total score ranges from a minimum of 20 (poor subjective experience) to a maximum of 120 (excellent subjective experience). SWN scores appear to correlate with measure of objective psychopathology, quality of life and other self-ratings of mood.

6. Change From Baseline in Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI 30) Scale at Week 13 [Baseline and Week 13]

   The DAI is a 30-item self-rating inventory that focuses on subjective effects of neuroleptic medications in participants with schizophrenia. There are 15 items that are scored as true and 15 scored as false if the person is fully compliant (positive subjective response). Positive answers score as +1, negative answers score as - 1. Questionnaire allows identifying participants at high risk of low compliance. The total score may vary from -30 to +30 with a high total final score is a positive subjective response (compliant) and a low total score is a negative subjective response (non-compliant).

7. Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S) [Baseline and Week 13]

   The CGI-S rating scale is a 7 point global assessment that measures the clinician's impression of the severity of illness exhibited by a participant. A rating of 1 is equivalent to normal, not at all ill and a rating of 7 is equivalent to among the most extremely ill participants. Higher scores indicate worsening.

8. Change From Baseline in Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) at Week 13 [Baseline and Week 13]

   The PSP is 100-point validated clinician-rated scale that assesses degree of difficulty in 4 areas of functioning: socially useful activities, personal and social relationships, self-care, disturbing and aggressive behaviors rated on 6-point scale (1=absent to 6=very severe).Total transformed score from 1 to 100 is generated from raw score based on clinical interpretation of scores generated in 4 areas of functioning, with higher transformed score indicating better function. Total score is divided into 3 levels: 71-100 (mild difficulty); 31-70 (marked difficulty) and 1-30 (severe difficulty).

9. Quality of Sleep Score [Baseline and Week 13]

   This self-administered scale rates quality of sleep and daytime drowsiness. Participants indicate on an 11-point scale how well they have slept in the previous 7 days, from 0 (very badly) to 10 (very well); and how often they have felt drowsy within the previous 7 days, from 0 (not at all) to 10 (all the time). On the sleep evaluation scale, score 0 corresponds to very badly and score 10 to very well.

10. Daytime Drowsiness Evaluation Scale [Baseline and Week 13]

    This self-administered scale rates quality of sleep and daytime drowsiness. Participants will indicate on an 11-point scale how well they have slept in the previous 7 days, from 0 (very badly) to 10 (very well); and how often they have felt drowsy within the previous 7 days, from 0 (not at all) to 10 (all the time).On the daytime drowsiness scale, score 0 corresponds to not at all and score 10 to all the time.

11. Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (ESRS) Subscale Scores and Total Scores [Baseline and Week 13]

    Extra pyramidal symptoms attributed to antipsychotic assessed by ESRS scale. Included 4 subscales; Parkinsonism (Park),dystonia(Dyst),dyskinesia(Dysk),akathisia(Akat),12 items on 4-point scale; (0=absent-3=severe); Park (8 items); Dyst (2 items); Dysk (7 items) all 3 rated on 7-point scale (0=none/normal-6=worst). Additionally, subtotals were calculated; hyperkinesia (item 5, 6 of Park); hypokinesia (item 1-4, 7 of Park); bucco-linguo-masticatory (item 1-3 of Dysk), choreoathetoid movement (item 5, 6 of Dysk). Total score: sum of Park, Dyst & Dysk subscale, ranged from 0 (normal)-102 (severe).

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 Years to 45 Years
• Sexes Eligible for Study: All
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for schizophrenia (psychiatric disorder with symptoms of emotional instability, detachment from reality, often with delusions and hallucinations, and withdrawal into the self)

• Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score at Baseline of greater than equal to 70 and less than equal to 100

• Participants who need to be switched from the current oral antipsychotic therapy because of lack of efficacy or side effects

• Participants followed as outpatients

• Female participants must be postmenopausal for at least 1 year, surgically sterile or, if sexually active, be practicing an effective method of birth control and female participants of childbearing potential must also have a negative urine pregnancy test at Baseline

Exclusion Criteria:

• Acute psychotic relapse that requires hospitalization and first antipsychotic treatment ever

• Participants who had received clozapine during the previous 3 months

• History or current symptoms of tardive dyskinesia (twitching or jerking movements that you cannot control in your face, tongue, or other parts of your body) and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever, rigid muscles, shaking, confusion, sweating more than usual, increased heart rate or blood pressure, or muscle pain or weakness)

• Pregnant or breast-feeding female

• Participated in an investigational drug trial in the previous 30 days

Contacts and Locations

Locations

No locations specified.

Sponsors and Collaborators

• Janssen-Cilag S.p.A.

Investigators

• Study Director: Janssen-Cilag S.p.A. Italy Clinical Trial, Janssen-Cilag S.p.A.

Study Documents (Full-Text)

None provided.

More Information

Publications

None provided.

• Responsible Party: Janssen-Cilag S.p.A.
• ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01362439
• Other Study ID Numbers: CR017578; R076477SCH3037; 2008-002384-13
• First Posted: May 30, 2011
• Last Update Posted: Jun 5, 2013
• Last Verified: Apr 1, 2013

• Keywords provided by Janssen-Cilag S.p.A.: Schizophrenia; Paliperidone
• Additional relevant MeSH terms: Schizophrenia; Paliperidone Palmitate

Study Results

Participant Flow

Arm/Group Title	Paliperidone ER
Arm/Group Description	Participants were administered paliperidone extended release (ER) tablets orally (taken by mouth; to be swallowed) once daily in the dose range of 3 to 12 milligram (mg) for 13 weeks. Dose was increased or decreased as per Investigator's discretion.
Period Title: Overall Study
STARTED	133
COMPLETED	118
NOT COMPLETED	15

Baseline Characteristics

Arm/Group Title	Paliperidone ER
Arm/Group Description	Participants were administered paliperidone extended release (ER) tablets orally (taken by mouth; to be swallowed) once daily in the dose range of 3 to 12 milligram (mg) for 13 weeks. Dose was increased or decreased as per Investigator's discretion.
Overall Participants	132
Age (years) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ]
Mean (Standard Deviation) [years]	35.3 (6.76)
Sex: Female, Male (Count of Participants)
Female	41 31.1%
Male	91 68.9%

Outcome Measures

1. Primary Outcome

Title	Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Total Score at Week 13
Description	The PANSS is a 30-item scale designed to assess various symptoms of schizophrenia (psychiatric disorder with symptoms of emotional instability, detachment from reality, often with delusions and hallucinations, and withdrawal into the self) including delusions, grandiosity, blunted affect, poor attention, and poor impulse control. The 30 symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale that ranges from 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme psychopathology). The PANSS total score consists of the sum of all 30 PANSS items and ranges from 30 to 210, higher scores indicate worsening.
Time Frame	Baseline and Week 13

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

Intent to Treat Population (ITT) included all participants who received at least 1 dose of study medication. For participants leaving study prematurely last available data post-baseline was used for final evaluation using Last observation carried forward (LOCF) method.' N' (number of participants analyzed): participants evaluable for this measure.

Arm/Group Title	Paliperidone ER
Arm/Group Description	Participants were administered paliperidone extended release (ER) tablets orally (taken by mouth; to be swallowed) once daily in the dose range of 3 to 12 milligram (mg) for 13 weeks. Dose was increased or decreased as per Investigator's discretion.
Measure Participants	126
Baseline	88.98 (10.126)
Change at Week 13	22.468 (17.287)

2. Secondary Outcome

Title	Change in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Positive Subscale Score at Week 13
Description	The PANSS Positive Subscale assesses seven positive-symptoms of schizophrenia. Positive symptoms refer to an excess or distortion of normal functions. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 7 (absent) to 49 (extreme psychopathology).
Time Frame	Baseline and Week 13

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

The ITT included all participants who received at least one dose of study medication. For participants leaving study prematurely last available data post-baseline was used for final evaluation using LOCF method.

Arm/Group Title	Paliperidone ER
Arm/Group Description	Participants were administered paliperidone ER tablets orally (taken by mouth; to be swallowed) once daily in the dose range of 3 to 12 mg for 13 weeks. Dose was increased or decreased as per Investigator's discretion.
Measure Participants	132
Baseline	21.03 (5.2)
Change at Week 13	-6.55 (5.3)

3. Secondary Outcome

Title	Change From Baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) - Negative Subscale Score at Week 13
Description	The PANSS Negative Subscale assesses seven negative-symptoms of schizophrenia. Negative symptoms represent a diminution or loss of normal functions. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 7 (absent) to 49 (extreme psychopathology).
Time Frame	Baseline and Week 13

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

The ITT included all participants who received at least one dose of study medication. For participants leaving study prematurely last available data post-baseline was used for final evaluation using LOCF method.

Arm/Group Title	Paliperidone ER
Arm/Group Description	Participants were administered paliperidone ER tablets orally (taken by mouth; to be swallowed) once daily in the dose range of 3 to 12 mg for 13 weeks. Dose was increased or decreased as per Investigator's discretion.
Measure Participants	132
Baseline	23.11 (6.4)
Change at Week 13	-4.82 (5.6)

4. Secondary Outcome

Title	Change in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) General Psychopathology Subscale Score at Week 13
Description	The PANSS General Psychopathology Subscale Score assesses 16 general psychopathology symptoms. The symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale, with a range of 16 (absent) to 112 (extreme psychopathology).
Time Frame	Baseline and Week 13

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

The ITT included all participants who received at least one dose of study medication. For participants leaving study prematurely last available data post-baseline was used for final evaluation using LOCF method.

Arm/Group Title	Paliperidone ER
Arm/Group Description	Participants were administered paliperidone ER tablets orally (taken by mouth; to be swallowed) once daily in the dose range of 3 to 12 mg for 13 weeks. Dose was increased or decreased as per Investigator's discretion.
Measure Participants	132
Baseline	44.84 (6.5)
Change at Week 13	-11.31 (8.7)

5. Secondary Outcome

Title	Percentage of Participants With Greater Than or Equal to 30 Percent Treatment Response in Total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) Score
Description	The PANSS is a 30-item scale designed to assess various symptoms of schizophrenia (psychiatric disorder with symptoms of emotional instability, detachment from reality, often with delusions and hallucinations, and withdrawal into the self) including delusions, grandiosity, blunted affect, poor attention, and poor impulse control. The 30 symptoms are rated on a 7-point scale that ranges from 1 (absent) to 7 (extreme psychopathology). The PANSS total score consists of the sum of all 30 PANSS items and ranges from 30 to 210, higher scores indicate worsening.
Time Frame	Baseline and Week 13

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

The ITT included all participants who received at least one dose of study medication. For participants leaving study prematurely last available data post-baseline was used for final evaluation using LOCF method. 'N' (number of participants analyzed) signified participants evaluable for this measure.

Arm/Group Title	Paliperidone ER
Arm/Group Description	Participants were administered paliperidone ER tablets orally (taken by mouth; to be swallowed) once daily in the dose range of 3 to 12 mg for 13 weeks. Dose was increased or decreased as per Investigator's discretion.
Measure Participants	126
Number [percentage of participants]	40.5 30.7%

6. Secondary Outcome

Title	Change From Baseline in Subjective Well-being Under Neuroleptic (SWN 20) Scale at Week 13
Description	The SWN 20 scale is a 20 item scale that was originally designed to explore the subjective experience of psychotic participants. The SWN scale contains five sub-scales consisting of four items each: mental functioning (MF), self control (SC), emotional regulation (ER), and social integration (SI), physical functioning (PF). The total score ranges from a minimum of 20 (poor subjective experience) to a maximum of 120 (excellent subjective experience). SWN scores appear to correlate with measure of objective psychopathology, quality of life and other self-ratings of mood.
Time Frame	Baseline and Week 13

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

The ITT included all participants who received at least one dose of study medication. For participants leaving study prematurely last available data post-baseline was used for final evaluation using LOCF method.

Arm/Group Title	Paliperidone ER
Arm/Group Description	Participants were administered paliperidone ER tablets orally (taken by mouth; to be swallowed) once daily in the dose range of 3 to 12 mg for 13 weeks. Dose was increased or decreased as per Investigator's discretion.
Measure Participants	132
Baseline	73.81 (15.4)
Change at Week 13	6.86 (12.8)

7. Secondary Outcome

Title	Change From Baseline in Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI 30) Scale at Week 13
Description	The DAI is a 30-item self-rating inventory that focuses on subjective effects of neuroleptic medications in participants with schizophrenia. There are 15 items that are scored as true and 15 scored as false if the person is fully compliant (positive subjective response). Positive answers score as +1, negative answers score as - 1. Questionnaire allows identifying participants at high risk of low compliance. The total score may vary from -30 to +30 with a high total final score is a positive subjective response (compliant) and a low total score is a negative subjective response (non-compliant).
Time Frame	Baseline and Week 13

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

The ITT included all participants who received at least one dose of study medication. For participants leaving study prematurely last available data post-baseline was used for final evaluation using LOCF method.

Arm/Group Title	Paliperidone ER
Arm/Group Description	Participants were administered paliperidone ER tablets orally (taken by mouth; to be swallowed) once daily in the dose range of 3 to 12 mg for 13 weeks. Dose was increased or decreased as per Investigator's discretion.
Measure Participants	132
Baseline	41.20 (5.4)
Change at Week 13	2.0 (5.4)

8. Secondary Outcome

Title	Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale (CGI-S)
Description	The CGI-S rating scale is a 7 point global assessment that measures the clinician's impression of the severity of illness exhibited by a participant. A rating of 1 is equivalent to normal, not at all ill and a rating of 7 is equivalent to among the most extremely ill participants. Higher scores indicate worsening.
Time Frame	Baseline and Week 13

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

The ITT included all participants who received at least one dose of study medication. For participants leaving study prematurely last available data post Baseline was used for final evaluation using LOCF method.

Arm/Group Title	Paliperidone ER
Arm/Group Description	Participants were administered paliperidone ER tablets orally (taken by mouth; to be swallowed) once daily in the dose range of 3 to 12 mg for 13 weeks. Dose was increased or decreased as per Investigator's discretion.
Measure Participants	132
Baseline	4
Week 13	3

9. Secondary Outcome

Title	Change From Baseline in Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) at Week 13
Description	The PSP is 100-point validated clinician-rated scale that assesses degree of difficulty in 4 areas of functioning: socially useful activities, personal and social relationships, self-care, disturbing and aggressive behaviors rated on 6-point scale (1=absent to 6=very severe).Total transformed score from 1 to 100 is generated from raw score based on clinical interpretation of scores generated in 4 areas of functioning, with higher transformed score indicating better function. Total score is divided into 3 levels: 71-100 (mild difficulty); 31-70 (marked difficulty) and 1-30 (severe difficulty).
Time Frame	Baseline and Week 13

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

The ITT included all participants who received at least one dose of study medication. For participants leaving study prematurely last available data post Baseline was used for final evaluation using LOCF method.

Arm/Group Title	Paliperidone ER
Arm/Group Description	Participants were administered paliperidone ER tablets orally (taken by mouth; to be swallowed) once daily in the dose range of 3 to 12 mg for 13 weeks. Dose was increased or decreased as per Investigator's discretion.
Measure Participants	132
Baseline	56.54 (12.47)
Change at Week 13	9.05 (10.5)

10. Secondary Outcome

Title	Quality of Sleep Score
Description	This self-administered scale rates quality of sleep and daytime drowsiness. Participants indicate on an 11-point scale how well they have slept in the previous 7 days, from 0 (very badly) to 10 (very well); and how often they have felt drowsy within the previous 7 days, from 0 (not at all) to 10 (all the time). On the sleep evaluation scale, score 0 corresponds to very badly and score 10 to very well.
Time Frame	Baseline and Week 13

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

The ITT included all participants who received at least one dose of study medication. For participants leaving study prematurely last available data post-baseline was used for final evaluation using LOCF method.

Arm/Group Title	Paliperidone ER
Arm/Group Description	Participants were administered paliperidone ER tablets orally (taken by mouth; to be swallowed) once daily in the dose range of 3 to 12 mg for 13 weeks. Dose was increased or decreased as per Investigator's discretion.
Measure Participants	132
Baseline	6.22 (2.5)
Week 13	7.08 (2.1)

11. Secondary Outcome

Title	Daytime Drowsiness Evaluation Scale
Description	This self-administered scale rates quality of sleep and daytime drowsiness. Participants will indicate on an 11-point scale how well they have slept in the previous 7 days, from 0 (very badly) to 10 (very well); and how often they have felt drowsy within the previous 7 days, from 0 (not at all) to 10 (all the time).On the daytime drowsiness scale, score 0 corresponds to not at all and score 10 to all the time.
Time Frame	Baseline and Week 13

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

ITT included all participants who received at least one dose of study medication. For participants leaving study prematurely last available data post-baseline was used for final evaluation using LOCF method.

Arm/Group Title	Paliperidone ER
Arm/Group Description	Participants were administered paliperidone ER tablets orally (taken by mouth; to be swallowed) once daily in the dose range of 3 to 12 mg for 13 weeks. Dose was increased or decreased as per Investigator's discretion.
Measure Participants	132
Baseline	4.09 (2.4)
Week 13	3.30 (2.5)

12. Secondary Outcome

Title	Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (ESRS) Subscale Scores and Total Scores
Description	Extra pyramidal symptoms attributed to antipsychotic assessed by ESRS scale. Included 4 subscales; Parkinsonism (Park),dystonia(Dyst),dyskinesia(Dysk),akathisia(Akat),12 items on 4-point scale; (0=absent-3=severe); Park (8 items); Dyst (2 items); Dysk (7 items) all 3 rated on 7-point scale (0=none/normal-6=worst). Additionally, subtotals were calculated; hyperkinesia (item 5, 6 of Park); hypokinesia (item 1-4, 7 of Park); bucco-linguo-masticatory (item 1-3 of Dysk), choreoathetoid movement (item 5, 6 of Dysk). Total score: sum of Park, Dyst & Dysk subscale, ranged from 0 (normal)-102 (severe).
Time Frame	Baseline and Week 13

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description

Safety population included all participants who received atleast one dose of study medication.

Arm/Group Title	Paliperidone ER
Arm/Group Description	Participants were administered paliperidone ER tablets orally (taken by mouth; to be swallowed) once daily in the dose range of 3 to 12 mg for 13 weeks. Dose was increased or decreased as per Investigator's discretion.
Measure Participants	132
Baseline: ESRS Total Score	7.39 (13.2)
Week 13: ESRS Total Score	2.21 (4.6)
Baseline: Park, Dyst, Dysk and Akat	1.86 (2.6)
Week 13: Park, Dyst, Dysk and Akat	0.56 (1.1)
Baseline: Park	4.30 (7.3)
Week 13: Park	1.33 (2.8)
Baseline: Dyst	0.66 (3.4)
Week 13: Dyst	0.15 (1.0)
Baseline: Dysk Movements	0.58 (1.7)
Week 13: Dysk Movements	0.18 (0.5)
Baseline: Hyperkinesia	1.43 (3.4)
Week 13: Hyperkinesia	0.44 (1.3)
Baseline: Hypokinesia	2.66 (4.4)
Week 13: Hypokinesia	0.80 (1.6)
Baseline: Bucco-Linguo-Masticatory	0.21 (0.7)
Week 13: Bucco-Linguo-Masticatory	0.05 (0.25)
Baseline: Choreoathetoid movements of limbs	0.20 (0.6)
Week 13: Choreoathetoid movements of limbs	0.06 (0.3)

Adverse Events

Time Frame	Baseline up to end of study (Week 13)
Adverse Event Reporting Description	Safety population included all participants who receive at least one dose of study medication (n=132).
Arm/Group Title	Paliperidone ER
Arm/Group Description	Participants were administered paliperidone extended release (ER) tablets orally (taken by mouth; to be swallowed) once daily in the dose range of 3 to 12 milligram (mg) for 13 weeks. Dose was increased or decreased as per Investigator's discretion.
All Cause Mortality
	Paliperidone ER
	Affected / at Risk (%)	# Events
Total	/ (NaN)
Serious Adverse Events
	Paliperidone ER
	Affected / at Risk (%)	# Events
Total	1/132 (0.8%)
Nervous system disorders
Worsening of Schizophrenia	1/132 (0.8%)
Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events
	Paliperidone ER
	Affected / at Risk (%)	# Events
Total	21/132 (15.9%)
Cardiac disorders
Hypopiesia	1/132 (0.8%)
Increased Blood Pressure	1/132 (0.8%)
Tachicardia	1/132 (0.8%)
Endocrine disorders
Galactorrhoea	1/132 (0.8%)
Hyperthyroidism	1/132 (0.8%)
Metabolism and nutrition disorders
Weight Increase	4/132 (3%)
Nervous system disorders
Agitation	1/132 (0.8%)
Insomnia	4/132 (3%)
Akatisia	1/132 (0.8%)
Anxiety	1/132 (0.8%)
Extrapyramidal Symptoms	3/132 (2.3%)
Increased Anxiety	1/132 (0.8%)
Increased Irritability	1/132 (0.8%)
Jaw Movements	1/132 (0.8%)
Lingual Movements	1/132 (0.8%)
Lower Limbs Tremor	1/132 (0.8%)
Psychomotor Agitation	1/132 (0.8%)
Ptyalism	1/132 (0.8%)
Slowness (Increased)	1/132 (0.8%)
Worsening of Anxiety	1/132 (0.8%)
Worsening of Bradikinesia	1/132 (0.8%)
Worsening of Tremor	1/132 (0.8%)
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Rash (Mycosis)	1/132 (0.8%)

Limitations/Caveats

[Not Specified]

More Information

Certain Agreements

Principal Investigators are NOT employed by the organization sponsoring the study.

The only disclosure restriction on the PI is that the sponsor can review results communications prior to public release and can embargo communications regarding trial results for a period that is more than 60 days but less than or equal to 180 days. The sponsor cannot require changes to the communication and cannot extend the embargo.