Way to Be Active 2 (Lotteries)
Sponsor
University of Pennsylvania (Other)
Overall Status
Completed
CT.gov ID
NCT02005276
Collaborator
National Institute on Aging (NIA) (NIH)
209
1
4
8
26.3
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
Employers are increasingly looking for opportunities to motivate sedentary employees to become more physically active. Workplace walking programs have had mixed success and typically show most improvement among participants that are already fairly active at a baseline. The goal of this study is to determine whether a financial incentive program can motivate sedentary employees to increase the number of steps they walk per day to meet a minimum threshold.
Our primary outcome measure is the proportion of days a minimum activity of 7000 steps or more is achieved. We will assess outcomes each week for 3 months using incentives followed by 3 months of follow-up without incentives. Secondary outcomes will include the average steps walked per day.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
N/A |
Study Design
Study Type:
Interventional
Actual Enrollment
:
209 participants
Allocation:
Randomized
Intervention Model:
Parallel Assignment
Masking:
Single (Participant)
Primary Purpose:
Other
Official Title:
A Randomized Trial of Behavioral Economic Interventions to Improve Physical Activities: Lottery Incentives
Study Start Date
:
Feb 1, 2014
Actual Primary Completion Date
:
Oct 1, 2014
Actual Study Completion Date
:
Oct 1, 2014
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| No Intervention: Control Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. |
|
| Experimental: Basic Lottery Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. |
Behavioral: Basic Lottery
Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day.
|
| Experimental: Combined Lottery Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 5 chance of winning $5 and a 1 in 100 chance of winning $50. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. |
Behavioral: Combined Lottery
Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5 and a 1 in 100 chance of winning $50. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day.
|
| Experimental: Jackpot Lottery Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 400 chance of winning $500. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. |
Behavioral: Jackpot Lottery
Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 400 chance of winning $500. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day.
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Proportion of Days a Minimum Activity of 7000 Steps or More is Achieved During Intervention [End of study- 6 months of after enrollment]
Our primary outcome measure is the proportion of days a minimum activity of 7000 steps or more is achieved. We will assess outcomes for 3 months using incentives followed by 3 months of follow-up without incentives. All available data will be analyzed, and missing will be treated as true missing data points. Secondary outcomes will include the average steps walked per day.
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Average Number of Steps Per Day During Intervention [End of study- 6 months after enrollment]
Secondary outcomes include average number of steps per day during intervention (with incentives) and follow up periods (without incentives).
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study:
18 Years
to 100 Years
Sexes Eligible for Study:
All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
No
Inclusion Criteria:
-
- We will use a minimum age of 18 to ensure all individuals are legally able to consent.
-
- Participant will need an iPhone or Android smartphone to be able to use the Moves App for tracking steps
Exclusion Criteria:
- Conditions that would make participation infeasible: 1a. Inability to consent 1b. Illiteracy and/or inability to speak, read, and write English 1c. Participation in another research study 2. Conditions that would make participation unsafe: 2a. Current treatment for drug or alcohol use 2b. Consumption of at least 5 alcoholic drinks per day 2c. Myocardial infarction or stroke within the past 6 months 2d. Current addiction to prescription medicines or street drugs 2e. Serious psychiatric diagnoses (e.g., severe major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia) 2f. Pregnant or currently breastfeeding 2g. Metastatic cancer 2h. Unstable medical conditions that would likely prevent the participant from completing the study
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | University of Pennsylvania | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | United States | 19104 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- University of Pennsylvania
- National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Kevin M Volpp, MD, PhD, University of Pennsylvania
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
None provided.Responsible Party:
University of Pennsylvania
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
NCT02005276
Other Study ID Numbers:
- 819103
First Posted:
Dec 9, 2013
Last Update Posted:
Mar 5, 2019
Last Verified:
Feb 1, 2019
Keywords provided by University of Pennsylvania
Study Results
Participant Flow
| Recruitment Details | |
|---|---|
| Pre-assignment Detail |
| Arm/Group Title | Control | Basic Lottery | Jackpot Lottery | Combined Lottery |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. Basic Lottery: Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 400 chance of winning $500. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. Jackpot Lottery: Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 400 chance of winning $500. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 5 chance of winning $5 and a 1 in 100 chance of winning $50. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. Combined Lottery: Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5 and a 1 in 100 chance of winning $50. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. |
| Period Title: Overall Study | ||||
| STARTED | 65 | 41 | 59 | 44 |
| Completed Intervention | 61 | 39 | 56 | 42 |
| COMPLETED | 60 | 39 | 56 | 41 |
| NOT COMPLETED | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 |
Baseline Characteristics
| Arm/Group Title | Control | Basic Lottery | Jackpot Lottery | Combined Lottery | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. Basic Lottery: Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 400 chance of winning $500. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. Jackpot Lottery: Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 400 chance of winning $500. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 5 chance of winning $5 and a 1 in 100 chance of winning $50. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. Combined Lottery: Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5 and a 1 in 100 chance of winning $50. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. | Total of all reporting groups |
| Overall Participants | 65 | 41 | 59 | 44 | 209 |
| Age (years) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ] | |||||
| Mean (Standard Deviation) [years] |
40.0
(11.0)
|
41.2
(11.1)
|
40.6
(10.5)
|
42.9
(10.3)
|
41.2
(10.7)
|
| Sex: Female, Male (Count of Participants) | |||||
| Female |
52
80%
|
32
78%
|
44
74.6%
|
33
75%
|
161
77%
|
| Male |
13
20%
|
9
22%
|
15
25.4%
|
11
25%
|
48
23%
|
| Body mass index (kg/m^2) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ] | |||||
| Mean (Standard Deviation) [kg/m^2] |
33.8
(6.0)
|
32.0
(4.8)
|
33.5
(4.9)
|
32.9
(4.3)
|
33.2
(5.0)
|
| Race/ethnicity (Count of Participants) | |||||
| White non-Hispanic |
45
69.2%
|
30
73.2%
|
36
61%
|
34
77.3%
|
145
69.4%
|
| African American non-Hispanic |
12
18.5%
|
7
17.1%
|
12
20.3%
|
8
18.2%
|
39
18.7%
|
| Other non-Hispanic |
5
7.7%
|
2
4.9%
|
5
8.5%
|
2
4.5%
|
14
6.7%
|
| Hispanic |
3
4.6%
|
2
4.9%
|
6
10.2%
|
0
0%
|
11
5.3%
|
| Education (Count of Participants) | |||||
| Less than college |
1
1.5%
|
1
2.4%
|
4
6.8%
|
4
9.1%
|
10
4.8%
|
| Some college |
13
20%
|
9
22%
|
11
18.6%
|
11
25%
|
44
21.1%
|
| College graduate |
51
78.5%
|
31
75.6%
|
44
74.6%
|
29
65.9%
|
155
74.2%
|
| Marital status (Count of Participants) | |||||
| Single |
23
35.4%
|
14
34.1%
|
14
23.7%
|
17
38.6%
|
68
32.5%
|
| Married |
32
49.2%
|
16
39%
|
37
62.7%
|
22
50%
|
107
51.2%
|
| Other |
10
15.4%
|
11
26.8%
|
8
13.6%
|
5
11.4%
|
34
16.3%
|
| Annual household income (Count of Participants) | |||||
| Less than $50,000 |
17
26.2%
|
12
29.3%
|
12
20.3%
|
8
18.2%
|
49
23.4%
|
| $50,000 to $100,000 |
22
33.8%
|
18
43.9%
|
22
37.3%
|
25
56.8%
|
87
41.6%
|
| Greater than $100,000 |
21
32.3%
|
9
22%
|
19
32.2%
|
8
18.2%
|
57
27.3%
|
| Missing |
5
7.7%
|
2
4.9%
|
6
10.2%
|
3
6.8%
|
16
7.7%
|
| Iphone smartphone (Count of Participants) | |||||
| Count of Participants [Participants] |
43
66.2%
|
30
73.2%
|
38
64.4%
|
27
61.4%
|
138
66%
|
Outcome Measures
| Title | Proportion of Days a Minimum Activity of 7000 Steps or More is Achieved During Intervention |
|---|---|
| Description | Our primary outcome measure is the proportion of days a minimum activity of 7000 steps or more is achieved. We will assess outcomes for 3 months using incentives followed by 3 months of follow-up without incentives. All available data will be analyzed, and missing will be treated as true missing data points. Secondary outcomes will include the average steps walked per day. |
| Time Frame | End of study- 6 months of after enrollment |
Outcome Measure Data
| Analysis Population Description |
|---|
| [Not Specified] |
| Arm/Group Title | Control | Basic Lottery | Jackpot Lottery | Combined Lottery |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. Basic Lottery: Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 400 chance of winning $500. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. Jackpot Lottery: Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 400 chance of winning $500. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 5 chance of winning $5 and a 1 in 100 chance of winning $50. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. Combined Lottery: Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5 and a 1 in 100 chance of winning $50. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. |
| Measure Participants | 65 | 41 | 59 | 44 |
| Intervention Period (3 months with incentives) |
0.264
|
0.319
|
0.290
|
0.384
|
| Follow Up Period (3 months without incentives) |
0.191
|
0.211
|
0.155
|
0.215
|
| Title | Average Number of Steps Per Day During Intervention |
|---|---|
| Description | Secondary outcomes include average number of steps per day during intervention (with incentives) and follow up periods (without incentives). |
| Time Frame | End of study- 6 months after enrollment |
Outcome Measure Data
| Analysis Population Description |
|---|
| [Not Specified] |
| Arm/Group Title | Control | Basic Lottery | Combined Lottery | Jackpot Lottery |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. Basic Lottery: Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 5 chance of winning $5 and a 1 in 100 chance of winning $50. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. Combined Lottery: Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5 and a 1 in 100 chance of winning $50. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 400 chance of winning $500. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. Jackpot Lottery: Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 400 chance of winning $500. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. |
| Measure Participants | 65 | 41 | 44 | 59 |
| Intervention Period (3 months with incentives) |
4744.8
|
5022.9
|
5439.6
|
4838.0
|
| Follow Up Period (3 months without incentives) |
4068.9
|
4408.4
|
4449.5
|
3800.3
|
Adverse Events
| Time Frame | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adverse Event Reporting Description | ||||||||
| Arm/Group Title | Control | Basic Lottery | Jackpot Lottery | Combined Lottery | ||||
| Arm/Group Description | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. Basic Lottery: Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 400 chance of winning $500. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. Jackpot Lottery: Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 400 chance of winning $500. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. | Participants receive either an email or text message daily (based on the participant's preference) stating whether the participant achieved the 7000 step goal during the previous day. Each day a lottery will be held, and participants will be eligible to collect monetary rewards only if the participant met the step goal the day before. The names of the winners will be announced during each lottery. The daily lotteries are as follows: About a 1 in 5 chance of winning $5 and a 1 in 100 chance of winning $50. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. Combined Lottery: Participants who meet their daily step goals will be eligible for a daily lottery. They will have about a 1 in 4 chance of winning $5 and a 1 in 100 chance of winning $50. Expected value is about $1.40 per person per day. | ||||
All Cause Mortality |
||||||||
| Control | Basic Lottery | Jackpot Lottery | Combined Lottery | |||||
| Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
| Total | 0/65 (0%) | 0/41 (0%) | 0/59 (0%) | 0/44 (0%) | ||||
Serious Adverse Events |
||||||||
| Control | Basic Lottery | Jackpot Lottery | Combined Lottery | |||||
| Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
| Total | 0/65 (0%) | 0/41 (0%) | 0/59 (0%) | 0/44 (0%) | ||||
Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events |
||||||||
| Control | Basic Lottery | Jackpot Lottery | Combined Lottery | |||||
| Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
| Total | 0/65 (0%) | 0/41 (0%) | 0/59 (0%) | 0/44 (0%) | ||||
Limitations/Caveats
[Not Specified]
More Information
Certain Agreements
Principal Investigators are NOT employed by the organization sponsoring the study.
There is NOT an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed.
Results Point of Contact
| Name/Title | Dr. Mitesh Patel |
|---|---|
| Organization | Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania |
| Phone | |
| mpatel@upenn.edu |
Responsible Party:
University of Pennsylvania
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
NCT02005276
Other Study ID Numbers:
- 819103
First Posted:
Dec 9, 2013
Last Update Posted:
Mar 5, 2019
Last Verified:
Feb 1, 2019