Evaluation of the Nicotine Lozenge in Relief of Provoked Acute Craving

Sponsor
GlaxoSmithKline (Industry)
Overall Status
Completed
CT.gov ID
NCT01466361
Collaborator
(none)
187
1
3
3
62.5

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

This study is designed to evaluate the ability of a nicotine lozenge to relieve craving for a cigarette compared to a matched placebo (a placebo is like sugar pill and contains no active).

Condition or Disease Intervention/Treatment Phase
  • Drug: Nicotine lower dose
  • Drug: Nicotine higher dose
  • Drug: Placebo
Phase 2

Study Design

Study Type:
Interventional
Actual Enrollment :
187 participants
Allocation:
Randomized
Intervention Model:
Parallel Assignment
Masking:
Double (Participant, Investigator)
Primary Purpose:
Treatment
Official Title:
Evaluation of the Nicotine Lozenge in Relief of Provoked Acute Craving
Study Start Date :
Sep 1, 2010
Actual Primary Completion Date :
Dec 1, 2010
Actual Study Completion Date :
Dec 1, 2010

Arms and Interventions

Arm Intervention/Treatment
Active Comparator: Lower dose Nicotine

lower dose nicotine lozenge

Drug: Nicotine lower dose
lower dose nicotine lozenge

Active Comparator: Higher dose Nicotine

higher dose Nicotine lozenge

Drug: Nicotine higher dose
higher dose nicotine lozenge

Placebo Comparator: Placebo

Placebo

Drug: Placebo
placebo

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

  1. Mean Change From Baseline in Nicotine Cravings VAS Scores in Light Smokers [Baseline, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 minutes post-treatment]

    Participants completed a nicotine craving assessment consisting of following five items: I have a desire for a cigarette right now, if it were possible I would smoke right now, All I want right now is a cigarette, I have an urge for a cigarette, I crave a cigarette right now. All participants indicated their craving intensity on a pre-drawn 100 mm scale ranging from 0 (disagree) to 100 (agree). At the end of the craving assessment period, mean VAS score (in mm) was measured.

  2. Mean Change From Baseline in Nicotine Cravings VAS Scores in Heavy Smokers [Baseline, 3 minutes and 15 minutes post-treatment]

    Participants completed a nicotine craving assessment consisting of following five items: I have a desire for a cigarette right now, if it were possible I would smoke right now, All I want right now is a cigarette, I have an urge for a cigarette, I crave a cigarette right now. All participants indicated their craving intensity on a pre-drawn 100 mm scale ranging from 0 (disagree) to 100 (agree). At the end of the craving assessment period, mean VAS score (in mm) was measured.

Secondary Outcome Measures

  1. Percentage of Responders With Improved Craving Scores in Heavy and Light Smokers Group [Baseline prior to provoked craving paradigm, baseline post provoked craving paradigm]

    Responders were defined as participants with an increase of at least one point (on the 100 point VAS scale) from baseline prior to provoked craving paradigm (B1) to baseline post provoked craving paradigm (B2) on the average cravings score. Percentage of these responders was calculated to evaluate the provocation rate.

  2. Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious AEs (SAEs) [Baseline, 0 minute, 60 minutes and 5 days post treatment]

    AE was defined as any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with study treatment/s. SAE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose results in death; is life threatening; requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization results in disability/ incapacity; is a congenital anomaly/ birth defect.

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:
18 Years and Older
Sexes Eligible for Study:
All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
No
Inclusion Criteria:
  • Generally healthy smokers who smoke more than 5 cigarettes per day

  • Body mass index (BMI) within the range 19-35 kilogram (kg)/meter (m)^2

  • Females of childbearing potential who are, in the opinion of the investigator, practicing a reliable method of contraception.

Exclusion Criteria:
  • Women who are pregnant or who have a positive urine pregnancy test.

  • Participants with known or suspected intolerance or hypersensitivity to the study materials (or closely related compounds) or any of their stated ingredients.

  • Clinical Study/Experimental Medication: Participation in another clinical study or receipt of an investigational drug within 30 days of the screening visit.

  • Prior Concomitant Medication: Treatment with enzyme altering agents (e.g. carbamazepine, phenytoin, cimetidine, sodium valporate) within 30 days of the craving provocation visit; Use of any prescription psychoactive medication (such as but not limited to antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics) within 14 days of the craving provocation visit; Participant has used an over-the-counter (OTC) medication such as antihistamines, sedating agents, or any compound that would have a sedating effect within 24 hours of the craving provocation visit; Current use of any nicotine replacement therapy.

  • Substance abuse: Recent history or current history (within the last 1 year) of alcohol or other substance abuse.

Contacts and Locations

Locations

Site City State Country Postal Code
1 Los Angeles Clinical Trials Burbank California United States 91505

Sponsors and Collaborators

  • GlaxoSmithKline

Investigators

  • Study Director: GSK Clinical Trials, GlaxoSmithKline

Study Documents (Full-Text)

None provided.

More Information

Publications

None provided.
Responsible Party:
GlaxoSmithKline
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
NCT01466361
Other Study ID Numbers:
  • S7120994
First Posted:
Nov 6, 2011
Last Update Posted:
Aug 28, 2019
Last Verified:
Aug 1, 2019
Individual Participant Data (IPD) Sharing Statement:
Yes
Plan to Share IPD:
Yes
Keywords provided by GlaxoSmithKline
Additional relevant MeSH terms:

Study Results

Participant Flow

Recruitment Details Participants were recruited at the clinical site.
Pre-assignment Detail Participants who smoked more than 5 cigarettes per day were included in the study. Participants were stratified to treatments according to their smoking status: heavy smokers: smoking greater than 20 cigarettes per day and light smokers: smoking between 6 - 20 cigarettes per day.
Arm/Group Title Nicotine Lozenge 4 Milligrams (mg) (Heavy Smokers Group) Placebo Lozenge (Heavy Smokers Group) Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group) Placebo Lozenge (Light Smokers Group)
Arm/Group Description Participants smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of 4mg nicotine lozenge, through oral route. Participants smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of placebo lozenge, through oral route. Participants smoking between 6-20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of 1.5mg nicotine lozenge, through oral route. Participants smoking between 6-20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of placebo lozenge, through oral route.
Period Title: Overall Study
STARTED 52 34 60 41
COMPLETED 52 34 60 41
NOT COMPLETED 0 0 0 0

Baseline Characteristics

Arm/Group Title Nicotine Lozenge 4 mg (Heavy Smokers Group) Placebo Lozenge 1 (Heavy Smokers Group) Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group) Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group) Total
Arm/Group Description Participants smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of 4mg nicotine lozenge, through oral route. Participants smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of placebo lozenge, through oral route. Participants smoking between 6-20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of 1.5mg nicotine lozenge, through oral route. Participants smoking between 6-20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of placebo lozenge, through oral route. Total of all reporting groups
Overall Participants 52 34 60 41 187
Age (Years) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ]
Mean (Standard Deviation) [Years]
45.1
(10.42)
45.9
(9.43)
43.9
(11.48)
45.0
(10.59)
45.0
(10.48)
Sex: Female, Male (Count of Participants)
Female
23
44.2%
16
47.1%
24
40%
21
51.2%
84
44.9%
Male
29
55.8%
18
52.9%
36
60%
20
48.8%
103
55.1%
Nicotine cravings assessment baseline scores on a Visual Analogue scale (VAS) (Score on a scale) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ]
Baseline score prior provoked craving paradigm(B1)
68.3
(29.147)
69.54
(26.534)
70.00
(20.895)
62.3
(25.785)
67.5
(26.090)
Baseline score post provoked craving paradigm (B2)
76.03
(24.849)
78.39
(23.659)
76.96
(21.667)
69.1
(26.335)
75.1
(24.127)

Outcome Measures

1. Primary Outcome
Title Mean Change From Baseline in Nicotine Cravings VAS Scores in Light Smokers
Description Participants completed a nicotine craving assessment consisting of following five items: I have a desire for a cigarette right now, if it were possible I would smoke right now, All I want right now is a cigarette, I have an urge for a cigarette, I crave a cigarette right now. All participants indicated their craving intensity on a pre-drawn 100 mm scale ranging from 0 (disagree) to 100 (agree). At the end of the craving assessment period, mean VAS score (in mm) was measured.
Time Frame Baseline, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 minutes post-treatment

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description
Intent to treat (ITT) population: All randomized participants with at least one cravings assessment measurement post dose were analyzed. No data was imputed in case of dropouts or missing data.
Arm/Group Title Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group) Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)
Arm/Group Description Participants smoking between 6-20 cigarettes/day, received a single dose of 1.5mg nicotine lozenge, through oral route. Participants smoking between 6-20 cigarettes/day, received a single dose of placebo lozenge, through oral route.
Measure Participants 60 41
1 minute
-15.40
(2.439)
-8.17
(2.958)
3 minutes
-24.42
(3.108)
-17.26
(3.770)
5 minutes
-30.19
(3.257)
-23.86
(3.950)
10 minutes
-35.33
(3.428)
-30.23
(4.158)
15 minutes
-38.99
(3.689)
-33.99
(4.475)
Statistical Analysis 1
Statistical Analysis Overview Comparison Group Selection Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group), Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)
Comments Null hypothesis considered population means for treatments in comparison, to be equal with respect to provoked nicotine cravings at 1 minute post dosing.
Type of Statistical Test Superiority or Other
Comments
Statistical Test of Hypothesis p-Value 0.0643
Comments
Method ANCOVA
Comments
Method of Estimation Estimation Parameter Least square mean difference
Estimated Value -7.23
Confidence Interval (2-Sided) 95%
-14.89 to 0.44
Parameter Dispersion Type:
Value:
Estimation Comments Treatment comparisons were made between nicotine 1.5mg lozenge and placebo lozenge at 5% significance level.
Statistical Analysis 2
Statistical Analysis Overview Comparison Group Selection Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group), Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)
Comments Null hypothesis considered population means for treatments in comparison, to be equal with respect to provoked nicotine cravings at 3 minute post dosing.
Type of Statistical Test Superiority or Other
Comments
Statistical Test of Hypothesis p-Value 0.1489
Comments
Method ANCOVA
Comments
Method of Estimation Estimation Parameter Least square mean difference
Estimated Value -7.16
Confidence Interval (2-Sided) 95%
-16.93 to 2.61
Parameter Dispersion Type:
Value:
Estimation Comments Treatment comparisons were made between nicotine 1.5mg lozenge and placebo lozenge at 5% significance level.
Statistical Analysis 3
Statistical Analysis Overview Comparison Group Selection Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group), Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)
Comments Null hypothesis considered population means for treatments in comparison, to be equal with respect to provoked nicotine cravings at 5 minute post dosing.
Type of Statistical Test Superiority or Other
Comments
Statistical Test of Hypothesis p-Value 0.2225
Comments
Method ANCOVA
Comments
Method of Estimation Estimation Parameter Least square mean difference
Estimated Value -6.33
Confidence Interval (2-Sided) 95%
-16.56 to 3.90
Parameter Dispersion Type:
Value:
Estimation Comments Treatment comparisons were made between 1.5mg nicotine lozenge and placebo lozenge at 5% significance level.
Statistical Analysis 4
Statistical Analysis Overview Comparison Group Selection Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group), Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)
Comments Null hypothesis considered population means for treatments in comparison, to be equal with respect to provoked nicotine cravings, 10 minutes post dosing.
Type of Statistical Test Superiority or Other
Comments
Statistical Test of Hypothesis p-Value 0.3491
Comments
Method ANCOVA
Comments
Method of Estimation Estimation Parameter Least square mean difference
Estimated Value -5.11
Confidence Interval (2-Sided) 95%
-15.87 to 5.66
Parameter Dispersion Type:
Value:
Estimation Comments Treatment comparisons were made between 1.5mg nicotine lozenge and placebo lozenge at 5% significance level.
Statistical Analysis 5
Statistical Analysis Overview Comparison Group Selection Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group), Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)
Comments Null hypothesis considered population means for treatments in comparison, to be equal with respect to provoked nicotine cravings, 15 minutes post dosing.
Type of Statistical Test Superiority or Other
Comments
Statistical Test of Hypothesis p-Value 0.3936
Comments
Method ANCOVA
Comments
Method of Estimation Estimation Parameter Least square mean difference
Estimated Value -5.00
Confidence Interval (2-Sided) 95%
-16.60 to 6.59
Parameter Dispersion Type:
Value:
Estimation Comments Treatment comparisons were made between 1.5mg nicotine lozenge and placebo lozenge at 5% significance level.
2. Primary Outcome
Title Mean Change From Baseline in Nicotine Cravings VAS Scores in Heavy Smokers
Description Participants completed a nicotine craving assessment consisting of following five items: I have a desire for a cigarette right now, if it were possible I would smoke right now, All I want right now is a cigarette, I have an urge for a cigarette, I crave a cigarette right now. All participants indicated their craving intensity on a pre-drawn 100 mm scale ranging from 0 (disagree) to 100 (agree). At the end of the craving assessment period, mean VAS score (in mm) was measured.
Time Frame Baseline, 3 minutes and 15 minutes post-treatment

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description
ITT population: All randomized participants who had at least one cravings assessment measurement post dose.
Arm/Group Title Nicotine Lozenge 4mg (Heavy Smokers Group) Placebo Lozenge 1 (Heavy Smokers Group)
Arm/Group Description Participants smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of 4mg nicotine lozenge, through oral route. Participants smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of placebo lozenge, through oral route.
Measure Participants 52 34
1 minute
-16.82
(2.613)
-13.24
(3.232)
3 minutes
-29.52
(3.124)
-19.82
(3.865)
Statistical Analysis 1
Statistical Analysis Overview Comparison Group Selection Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group), Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)
Comments Null hypothesis considered population means for treatments in comparison, to be equal with respect to provoked nicotine cravings, at 1 minute post dosing.
Type of Statistical Test Superiority or Other
Comments
Statistical Test of Hypothesis p-Value 0.3922
Comments
Method ANCOVA
Comments
Method of Estimation Estimation Parameter Least square mean difference
Estimated Value -3.58
Confidence Interval (2-Sided) 95%
-11.85 to 4.70
Parameter Dispersion Type:
Value:
Estimation Comments Treatment comparisons were made between 4mg nicotine lozenge and placebo lozenge at 5% significance level.
Statistical Analysis 2
Statistical Analysis Overview Comparison Group Selection Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group), Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)
Comments Null hypothesis considered population means for treatments in comparison, to be equal with respect to provoked nicotine cravings, 3 minutes post dosing.
Type of Statistical Test Superiority or Other
Comments
Statistical Test of Hypothesis p-Value 0.0547
Comments
Method ANCOVA
Comments
Method of Estimation Estimation Parameter Least square mean difference
Estimated Value -9.70
Confidence Interval (2-Sided) 95%
-19.59 to 0.20
Parameter Dispersion Type:
Value:
Estimation Comments Treatment comparisons were made between 4mg nicotine lozenge and placebo lozenge at 5% significance level.
3. Secondary Outcome
Title Percentage of Responders With Improved Craving Scores in Heavy and Light Smokers Group
Description Responders were defined as participants with an increase of at least one point (on the 100 point VAS scale) from baseline prior to provoked craving paradigm (B1) to baseline post provoked craving paradigm (B2) on the average cravings score. Percentage of these responders was calculated to evaluate the provocation rate.
Time Frame Baseline prior to provoked craving paradigm, baseline post provoked craving paradigm

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description
[Not Specified]
Arm/Group Title Light Smokers Group Heavy Smokers Group
Arm/Group Description Participants smoking between 6-20 cigarettes per day at baseline and responded to nicotine craving provocative paradigm before treatment Participants smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day at baseline and responded to nicotine craving provocative paradigm before treatment
Measure Participants 101 86
Number [percentage]
77.2
75.6
4. Secondary Outcome
Title Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious AEs (SAEs)
Description AE was defined as any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with study treatment/s. SAE was defined as any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose results in death; is life threatening; requires hospitalization or prolongation of existing hospitalization results in disability/ incapacity; is a congenital anomaly/ birth defect.
Time Frame Baseline, 0 minute, 60 minutes and 5 days post treatment

Outcome Measure Data

Analysis Population Description
Safety population: All randomized participants who received the study treatments were considered evaluable for safety.
Arm/Group Title Nicotine Lozenge 4 mg (Heavy Smokers Group) Placebo Lozenge 1 (Heavy Smokers Group) Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group) Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)
Arm/Group Description Participants smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of 4mg nicotine lozenge, through oral route. Participants smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of placebo lozenge, through oral route. Participants smoking between 6-20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of 1.5mg nicotine lozenge, through oral route. Participants smoking between 6-20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of placebo lozenge, through oral route.
Measure Participants 52 34 60 41
AEs
11
21.2%
0
0%
1
1.7%
1
2.4%
SAE
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%

Adverse Events

Time Frame All AEs encountered or spontaneously reported following administration of any study treatment, and up to 5 days after the last administration of study treatment were recorded.
Adverse Event Reporting Description
Arm/Group Title Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group) Nicotine Lozenge 4mg (Heavy Smokers Group) Placebo Lozenge 1 (Heavy Smokers Group) Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)
Arm/Group Description Participants smoking between 6-20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of 1.5mg nicotine lozenge, through oral route. Participants smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of 4mg nicotine lozenge, through oral route. Participants smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of placebo lozenge, through oral route. Participants smoking between 6-20 cigarettes per day, received a single dose of placebo lozenge, through oral route.
All Cause Mortality
Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group) Nicotine Lozenge 4mg (Heavy Smokers Group) Placebo Lozenge 1 (Heavy Smokers Group) Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)
Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events
Total / (NaN) / (NaN) / (NaN) / (NaN)
Serious Adverse Events
Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group) Nicotine Lozenge 4mg (Heavy Smokers Group) Placebo Lozenge 1 (Heavy Smokers Group) Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)
Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events
Total 0/60 (0%) 0/52 (0%) 0/34 (0%) 0/41 (0%)
Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events
Nicotine Lozenge 1.5mg (Light Smokers Group) Nicotine Lozenge 4mg (Heavy Smokers Group) Placebo Lozenge 1 (Heavy Smokers Group) Placebo Lozenge 2 (Light Smokers Group)
Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events Affected / at Risk (%) # Events
Total 1/60 (1.7%) 11/52 (21.2%) 0/34 (0%) 1/41 (2.4%)
Gastrointestinal disorders
Nausea 0/60 (0%) 0 5/52 (9.6%) 7 0/34 (0%) 0 0/41 (0%) 0
Oral discomfort 0/60 (0%) 0 1/52 (1.9%) 1 0/34 (0%) 0 0/41 (0%) 0
Retching 0/60 (0%) 0 1/52 (1.9%) 1 0/34 (0%) 0 0/41 (0%) 0
Nervous system disorders
Headache 0/60 (0%) 0 1/52 (1.9%) 1 0/34 (0%) 0 0/41 (0%) 0
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Hiccups 0/60 (0%) 0 6/52 (11.5%) 6 0/34 (0%) 0 0/41 (0%) 0
Throat Irritation 0/60 (0%) 0 2/52 (3.8%) 2 0/34 (0%) 0 1/41 (2.4%) 1
Cough 1/60 (1.7%) 1 0/52 (0%) 0 0/34 (0%) 0 0/41 (0%) 0

Limitations/Caveats

[Not Specified]

More Information

Certain Agreements

Principal Investigators are NOT employed by the organization sponsoring the study.

GSK agreements may vary with individual investigators, but will not prohibit any investigator from publishing. GSK supports the publication of results from all centers of a multi-center trial but requests that reports based on single-site data not precede the primary publication of the entire clinical trial.

Results Point of Contact

Name/Title GSK Response Center
Organization GlaxoSmithKline
Phone 866-435-7343
Email
Responsible Party:
GlaxoSmithKline
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
NCT01466361
Other Study ID Numbers:
  • S7120994
First Posted:
Nov 6, 2011
Last Update Posted:
Aug 28, 2019
Last Verified:
Aug 1, 2019