Effects of the FIFA11+ Warm-up Program on Speed, Agility, and Vertical Jump Performance in Adult Female Amateur Soccer Players
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
This study is being conducted for a master's dissertation. Our goal is to determine if there are physical performance benefits to performing the FIFA11+ soccer warm-up program in adult female soccer players over an eight week period. This topic has been studied primarily using male soccer players. The performance effects in adult female soccer players is currently unknown.
This warm-up has been shown to reduce non-contact injury rates in soccer players aged >13. If performance benefits are demonstrated in this study, in addition to the reported injury reduction benefits of the FIFA11+ warm-up, program adherence and player performance could improve.
Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
---|---|---|
|
N/A |
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: FIFA11+ / Intervention Group This group will complete the FIFA11+ warm-up three times per week for eight weeks. |
Other: FIFA11+
The FIFA11+ has three parts and consist of 15 exercises.
Part 1 consists of active stretching, running and controlled partner contact drills.
Part 2 has three difficulty levels for 6 sets of exercises. The exercises consist of core and leg strength exercises, balance and plyometric drills. The exercises in this section are perhaps the most unique element to the FIFA11+ warm-up, as strength-specific exercises like the Nordic Hamstring Curl are not generally included in soccer warm-ups.
Part 3 consists of higher intensity running drills, compared to those covered in Part 1.
Unlike many soccer warm-ups, the FIFA11+ has been studied rigorously in terms of its injury reduction potential.
|
Active Comparator: Typical Warm-up / Control Group This group will complete their usual warm-up three times per week for eight weeks |
Other: 'Usual' Soccer Warm-up
This warm-up is time-matched to the FIFA11+ (approximately 20 minutes) and is considered 'usual' for the team.
This warm-up consists of stretching, running and agility drills, in addition to "small sided" games with a soccer ball, which is not a part of the FIFA11+.
The 'usual' warm-up is decided by the coach with no standardization nor any formal research on its effectiveness in injury reduction or performance enhancement.
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Percentage Change From Baseline in 10m Sprint Times After an 8 Week Intervention [Intervention is 8 weeks in duration with baseline and post-test outcome measurements occurring within 3 days of the commencement and end of the intervention period]
10m sprint times will be recorded in seconds. The 10m sprint involves a stationary participant starting behind a timing gate and running through a second timing gate 10 meters away. Three trials will be performed during the pre-test and the posttest, with the best time being selected for each. Participants will have a 2-minute break between trials.
- Percentage Change From Baseline in Agility T-Test Times After an 8 Week Intervention [Intervention is 8 weeks in duration with baseline and post-test outcome measurements occurring within 3 days of the commencement and end of the intervention period.]
Agility T-test times will be recorded in seconds.. The Agility T-Test involves a stationary participant running forward through a timing gate to touch a cone 10 yards away, shuffle 5 yards to the left to touch a second cone, shuffle right 10 yards to touch a third cone, shuffle left to touch a fourth cone (the first cone touched after the 10 yard run), then back-peddle 10 yards to pass through the timing gate a second time. This running pattern creates a "T" shape with the vertical and horizontal components of the "T" measuring 10 yards each. Three trials will be performed during the pre-test and the posttest, with the best time being selected for each. Participants will have a 2-minute break between trials.
- Percentage Change From Baseline in Squat Jump Height After an 8 Week Intervention [Intervention is 8 weeks in duration with baseline and post-test outcome measurements occurring within 3 days of the commencement and end of the intervention period]
Squat jumps will be measured in centimeters. This test requires each participant to stand on a contact mat with their hands on their hips, squat and pause in a position with their knees at a 90 degree angle, then propel upward as high as possible. Three trials will be performed during the pre-test and the posttest, with the best time being selected for each. Participants will have a 1-minute break between trials.
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Warm-up Attendance [8 weeks]
Practice and game attendance will be recorded so warm-up compliance may be calculated. This will be done three days per week for eight weeks.
Other Outcome Measures
- Player Information [5 minutes before pre-testing.]
Month and year of birth, height, weight and player position, number of years playing soccer, injury status, approximate number of hours of moderate/high intensity exercise per week (including soccer), and pregnancy status will be collected from each player. This information will be collected to compare and contrast the averages of these variables once participants are assigned to the control or intervention group.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
-
Must be a female amateur soccer players on a North Shore Girls Soccer Club Selects A Team
-
Must be between the ages of 18 and 45
-
Must play a forward, midfield or defender position
Exclusion Criteria:
-
Mustn't play a goal keeper position. The physical demands of this position is drastically different than all other soccer positions. The training effects from practices and games are unique and may therefore influence the effects the FIFA11+ has on players of this particular positions.
-
Mustn't have an illness or injury preventing them from participating in soccer practice, games, and testing procedures. Injury or illness would likely result in poorer physical performance outcomes relative to healthy participants.
-
Mustn't miss a physical performance testing session. Pre- and posttest data is required to determine if there are changes in performance metrics in relation to both the intervention and control groups.
-
Mustn't be pregnant or of childbearing potential for the duration of the study (10 weeks). The PI and Co-Investigators are not familiar with each participant's reproductive health and history or how pregnancy may affect each participant's response to either the intervention or control group. It is therefore decided that participants that are pregnant or of childbearing potential will be removed from the study.
Contacts and Locations
Locations
Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Windsor Bubble | North Vancouver | Canada |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- University of British Columbia
- North Shore Girls Soccer Club
Investigators
- Study Director: Matthew N Wentzell, DC, University of British Columbia Masters Student
- Principal Investigator: Cheryl Beach, PhD, University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine
Study Documents (Full-Text)
More Information
Publications
- Ayala F, Pomares-Noguera C, Robles-Palazón FJ, Del Pilar García-Vaquero M, Ruiz-Pérez I, Hernández-Sánchez S, De Ste Croix M. Training Effects of the FIFA 11+ and Harmoknee on Several Neuromuscular Parameters of Physical Performance Measures. Int J Sports Med. 2017 Apr;38(4):278-289. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-121260. Epub 2017 Feb 13.
- Daneshjoo A, Mokhtar AH, Rahnama N, Yusof A. Effects of the 11+ and Harmoknee Warm-up Programs on Physical Performance Measures in Professional Soccer Players. J Sports Sci Med. 2013 Sep 1;12(3):489-96. eCollection 2013.
- Impellizzeri FM, Bizzini M, Dvorak J, Pellegrini B, Schena F, Junge A. Physiological and performance responses to the FIFA 11+ (part 2): a randomised controlled trial on the training effects. J Sports Sci. 2013;31(13):1491-502. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2013.802926. Epub 2013 Jul 16.
- H18-00383
Study Results
Participant Flow
Recruitment Details | Recruitment was performed through convenience sampling. Potential study participants are identified through Co-Investigator, Dr. Matt Wentzell's, prior involvement as the trainer/first aid respondent for one of the two NSGSC teams. |
---|---|
Pre-assignment Detail | Participants allocation is premeditated by team-based on the MW's regular paramedical involvement with one of the teams and therefore his ability to oversee and administer the intervention warm-up. Goaltenders, pregnancy, injury/illness preventing participation in performance testing, practices or games are all grounds for study exclusion. |
Arm/Group Title | FIFA11+ / Intervention Group | Typical Warm-up / Control Group |
---|---|---|
Arm/Group Description | This group will complete the FIFA11+ warm-up three times per week for eight weeks. FIFA11+: The FIFA11+ has three parts and consist of 15 exercises. Part 1 consists of active stretching, running and controlled partner contact drills. Part 2 has three difficulty levels for 6 sets of exercises. The exercises consist of core and leg strength exercises, balance and plyometric drills. The exercises in this section are perhaps the most unique element to the FIFA11+ warm-up, as strength-specific exercises like the Nordic Hamstring Curl are not generally included in soccer warm-ups. Part 3 consists of higher intensity running drills, compared to those covered in Part 1. Unlike many soccer warm-ups, the FIFA11+ has been studied rigorously in terms of its injury reduction potential. | This group will complete their usual warm-up three times per week for eight weeks 'Usual' Soccer Warm-up: This warm-up is time-matched to the FIFA11+ (approximately 20 minutes) and is considered 'usual' for the team. This warm-up consists of stretching, running and agility drills, in addition to "small sided" games with a soccer ball, which is not included in the FIFA11+. The 'usual' warm-up is decided by the coach with no standardization nor any formal research on its effectiveness in injury reduction or performance enhancement. |
Period Title: Overall Study | ||
STARTED | 11 | 10 |
COMPLETED | 8 | 7 |
NOT COMPLETED | 3 | 3 |
Baseline Characteristics
Arm/Group Title | FIFA11+ / Intervention Group | Typical Warm-up / Control Group | Total |
---|---|---|---|
Arm/Group Description | This group will complete the FIFA11+ warm-up three times per week for eight weeks. FIFA11+: The FIFA11+ has three parts and consist of 15 exercises. Part 1 consists of active stretching, running and controlled partner contact drills. Part 2 has three difficulty levels for 6 sets of exercises. The exercises consist of core and leg strength exercises, balance and plyometric drills. The exercises in this section are perhaps the most unique element to the FIFA11+ warm-up, as strength-specific exercises like the Nordic Hamstring Curl are not generally included in soccer warm-ups. Part 3 consists of higher intensity running drills, compared to those covered in Part 1. Unlike many soccer warm-ups, the FIFA11+ has been studied rigorously in terms of its injury reduction potential. | This group will complete their usual warm-up three times per week for eight weeks 'Usual' Soccer Warm-up: This warm-up is time-matched to the FIFA11+ (approximately 20 minutes) and is considered 'usual' for the team. This warm-up consists of stretching, running and agility drills, in addition to "small sided" games with a soccer ball, which is not a part of the FIFA11+. The 'usual' warm-up is decided by the coach with no standardization nor any formal research on its effectiveness in injury reduction or performance enhancement. | Total of all reporting groups |
Overall Participants | 11 | 10 | 21 |
Age (Count of Participants) | |||
<=18 years |
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
Between 18 and 65 years |
11
100%
|
10
100%
|
21
100%
|
>=65 years |
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
Age (years) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ] | |||
Mean (Standard Deviation) [years] |
28.1
(6.6)
|
27.1
(3.2)
|
27.6
(5.1)
|
Sex: Female, Male (Count of Participants) | |||
Female |
11
100%
|
10
100%
|
21
100%
|
Male |
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
0
0%
|
Race and Ethnicity Not Collected (Count of Participants) | |||
Count of Participants [Participants] |
0
0%
|
||
Region of Enrollment (participants) [Number] | |||
Canada |
11
100%
|
10
100%
|
21
100%
|
Height (cm) (centimeters) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ] | |||
Mean (Standard Deviation) [centimeters] |
169.3
(5.4)
|
163.3
(5.6)
|
166.4
(6.2)
|
Weight (kg) (kilograms) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ] | |||
Mean (Standard Deviation) [kilograms] |
62.7
(5.7)
|
60.2
(8.2)
|
61.5
(7.0)
|
Years of experience (years) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ] | |||
Mean (Standard Deviation) [years] |
20.9
(6.3)
|
20.1
(1.8)
|
20.5
(4.6)
|
Moderate/high intensity activity per week (hours) (hours) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ] | |||
Mean (Standard Deviation) [hours] |
7
(3.4)
|
6.9
(3.5)
|
7.0
(3.4)
|
Outcome Measures
Title | Percentage Change From Baseline in 10m Sprint Times After an 8 Week Intervention |
---|---|
Description | 10m sprint times will be recorded in seconds. The 10m sprint involves a stationary participant starting behind a timing gate and running through a second timing gate 10 meters away. Three trials will be performed during the pre-test and the posttest, with the best time being selected for each. Participants will have a 2-minute break between trials. |
Time Frame | Intervention is 8 weeks in duration with baseline and post-test outcome measurements occurring within 3 days of the commencement and end of the intervention period |
Outcome Measure Data
Analysis Population Description |
---|
Three players from each team were not included in the analysis due to breach of inclusion criteria (i.e. injury, illness and/or missing a testing session) |
Arm/Group Title | FIFA11+ / Intervention Group | Typical Warm-up / Control Group |
---|---|---|
Arm/Group Description | This group will complete the FIFA11+ warm-up three times per week for eight weeks. FIFA11+: The FIFA11+ has three parts and consist of 15 exercises. Part 1 consists of active stretching, running and controlled partner contact drills. Part 2 has three difficulty levels for 6 sets of exercises. The exercises consist of core and leg strength exercises, balance and plyometric drills. The exercises in this section are perhaps the most unique element to the FIFA11+ warm-up, as strength-specific exercises like the Nordic Hamstring Curl are not generally included in soccer warm-ups. Part 3 consists of higher intensity running drills, compared to those covered in Part 1. Unlike many soccer warm-ups, the FIFA11+ has been studied rigorously in terms of its injury reduction potential. | This group will complete their usual warm-up three times per week for eight weeks 'Usual' Soccer Warm-up: This warm-up is time-matched to the FIFA11+ (approximately 20 minutes) and is considered 'usual' for the team. This warm-up consists of stretching, running and agility drills, in addition to "small sided" games with a soccer ball, which is not included in the FIFA11+. The 'usual' warm-up is decided by the coach with no standardization nor any formal research on its effectiveness in injury reduction or performance enhancement. |
Measure Participants | 8 | 7 |
Mean (Standard Deviation) [Percentage of change] |
4.13
(5.85)
|
-1.08
(4.38)
|
Title | Percentage Change From Baseline in Agility T-Test Times After an 8 Week Intervention |
---|---|
Description | Agility T-test times will be recorded in seconds.. The Agility T-Test involves a stationary participant running forward through a timing gate to touch a cone 10 yards away, shuffle 5 yards to the left to touch a second cone, shuffle right 10 yards to touch a third cone, shuffle left to touch a fourth cone (the first cone touched after the 10 yard run), then back-peddle 10 yards to pass through the timing gate a second time. This running pattern creates a "T" shape with the vertical and horizontal components of the "T" measuring 10 yards each. Three trials will be performed during the pre-test and the posttest, with the best time being selected for each. Participants will have a 2-minute break between trials. |
Time Frame | Intervention is 8 weeks in duration with baseline and post-test outcome measurements occurring within 3 days of the commencement and end of the intervention period. |
Outcome Measure Data
Analysis Population Description |
---|
Three players from each team were not included in the analysis due to breach of inclusion criteria (i.e. injury, illness and/or missing a testing session) |
Arm/Group Title | FIFA11+ / Intervention Group | Typical Warm-up / Control Group |
---|---|---|
Arm/Group Description | This group will complete the FIFA11+ warm-up three times per week for eight weeks. FIFA11+: The FIFA11+ has three parts and consist of 15 exercises. Part 1 consists of active stretching, running and controlled partner contact drills. Part 2 has three difficulty levels for 6 sets of exercises. The exercises consist of core and leg strength exercises, balance and plyometric drills. The exercises in this section are perhaps the most unique element to the FIFA11+ warm-up, as strength-specific exercises like the Nordic Hamstring Curl are not generally included in soccer warm-ups. Part 3 consists of higher intensity running drills, compared to those covered in Part 1. Unlike many soccer warm-ups, the FIFA11+ has been studied rigorously in terms of its injury reduction potential. | This group will complete their usual warm-up three times per week for eight weeks 'Usual' Soccer Warm-up: This warm-up is time-matched to the FIFA11+ (approximately 20 minutes) and is considered 'usual' for the team. This warm-up consists of stretching, running and agility drills, in addition to "small sided" games with a soccer ball, which is not included in the FIFA11+. The 'usual' warm-up is decided by the coach with no standardization nor any formal research on its effectiveness in injury reduction or performance enhancement. |
Measure Participants | 8 | 7 |
Mean (Standard Deviation) [Percentage of change] |
8.18
(2.35)
|
5.89
(2.12)
|
Title | Percentage Change From Baseline in Squat Jump Height After an 8 Week Intervention |
---|---|
Description | Squat jumps will be measured in centimeters. This test requires each participant to stand on a contact mat with their hands on their hips, squat and pause in a position with their knees at a 90 degree angle, then propel upward as high as possible. Three trials will be performed during the pre-test and the posttest, with the best time being selected for each. Participants will have a 1-minute break between trials. |
Time Frame | Intervention is 8 weeks in duration with baseline and post-test outcome measurements occurring within 3 days of the commencement and end of the intervention period |
Outcome Measure Data
Analysis Population Description |
---|
Three players from each team were not included in the analysis due to breach of inclusion criteria (i.e. injury, illness and/or missing a testing session) |
Arm/Group Title | FIFA11+ / Intervention Group | Typical Warm-up / Control Group |
---|---|---|
Arm/Group Description | This group will complete the FIFA11+ warm-up three times per week for eight weeks. FIFA11+: The FIFA11+ has three parts and consist of 15 exercises. Part 1 consists of active stretching, running and controlled partner contact drills. Part 2 has three difficulty levels for 6 sets of exercises. The exercises consist of core and leg strength exercises, balance and plyometric drills. The exercises in this section are perhaps the most unique element to the FIFA11+ warm-up, as strength-specific exercises like the Nordic Hamstring Curl are not generally included in soccer warm-ups. Part 3 consists of higher intensity running drills, compared to those covered in Part 1. Unlike many soccer warm-ups, the FIFA11+ has been studied rigorously in terms of its injury reduction potential. | This group will complete their usual warm-up three times per week for eight weeks 'Usual' Soccer Warm-up: This warm-up is time-matched to the FIFA11+ (approximately 20 minutes) and is considered 'usual' for the team. This warm-up consists of stretching, running and agility drills, in addition to "small sided" games with a soccer ball, which is not included in the FIFA11+. The 'usual' warm-up is decided by the coach with no standardization nor any formal research on its effectiveness in injury reduction or performance enhancement. |
Measure Participants | 8 | 7 |
Mean (Standard Deviation) [Percentage of change] |
11.88
(6.9)
|
7.54
(7.1)
|
Title | Warm-up Attendance |
---|---|
Description | Practice and game attendance will be recorded so warm-up compliance may be calculated. This will be done three days per week for eight weeks. |
Time Frame | 8 weeks |
Outcome Measure Data
Analysis Population Description |
---|
Three players from each team were not included in the analysis due to breach of inclusion criteria (i.e. injury, illness and/or missing a testing session) |
Arm/Group Title | FIFA11+ / Intervention Group | Typical Warm-up / Control Group |
---|---|---|
Arm/Group Description | This group will complete the FIFA11+ warm-up three times per week for eight weeks. FIFA11+: The FIFA11+ has three parts and consist of 15 exercises. Part 1 consists of active stretching, running and controlled partner contact drills. Part 2 has three difficulty levels for 6 sets of exercises. The exercises consist of core and leg strength exercises, balance and plyometric drills. The exercises in this section are perhaps the most unique element to the FIFA11+ warm-up, as strength-specific exercises like the Nordic Hamstring Curl are not generally included in soccer warm-ups. Part 3 consists of higher intensity running drills, compared to those covered in Part 1. Unlike many soccer warm-ups, the FIFA11+ has been studied rigorously in terms of its injury reduction potential. | This group will complete their usual warm-up three times per week for eight weeks 'Usual' Soccer Warm-up: This warm-up is time-matched to the FIFA11+ (approximately 20 minutes) and is considered 'usual' for the team. This warm-up consists of stretching, running and agility drills, in addition to "small sided" games with a soccer ball, which is not included in the FIFA11+. The 'usual' warm-up is decided by the coach with no standardization nor any formal research on its effectiveness in injury reduction or performance enhancement. |
Measure Participants | 8 | 7 |
Mean (Standard Deviation) [Percentage of warm-ups attended] |
79.41
(0.09)
|
80.36
(0.16)
|
Title | Player Information |
---|---|
Description | Month and year of birth, height, weight and player position, number of years playing soccer, injury status, approximate number of hours of moderate/high intensity exercise per week (including soccer), and pregnancy status will be collected from each player. This information will be collected to compare and contrast the averages of these variables once participants are assigned to the control or intervention group. |
Time Frame | 5 minutes before pre-testing. |
Outcome Measure Data
Analysis Population Description |
---|
[Not Specified] |
Arm/Group Title |
---|
Arm/Group Description |
Adverse Events
Time Frame | Adverse event data was collected from the pre-testing phase, through the 8 week intervention, up until the end of the post-testing phase for a total of 9 weeks (i.e. up to 3 days before and 3 days after the intervention period). | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Adverse Event Reporting Description | Adverse event collection was performed for the intervention group via Co-Investigator's (MW) presence at all performance testing sessions and all practices and games over the eight week intervention period. Adverse events collection for the control group was performed by monitoring participant attendance on a weekly basis. If three or more warm-ups were missed, Co-Investigator (MW) would follow up with the control group regarding the reason a player may not be in attendance. | |||
Arm/Group Title | FIFA11+ / Intervention Group | Typical Warm-up / Control Group | ||
Arm/Group Description | This group will complete the FIFA11+ warm-up three times per week for eight weeks. FIFA11+: The FIFA11+ has three parts and consist of 15 exercises. Part 1 consists of active stretching, running and controlled partner contact drills. Part 2 has three difficulty levels for 6 sets of exercises. The exercises consist of core and leg strength exercises, balance and plyometric drills. The exercises in this section are perhaps the most unique element to the FIFA11+ warm-up, as strength-specific exercises like the Nordic Hamstring Curl are not generally included in soccer warm-ups. Part 3 consists of higher intensity running drills, compared to those covered in Part 1. Unlike many soccer warm-ups, the FIFA11+ has been studied rigorously in terms of its injury reduction potential. | This group will complete their usual warm-up three times per week for eight weeks 'Usual' Soccer Warm-up: This warm-up is time-matched to the FIFA11+ (approximately 20 minutes) and is considered 'usual' for the team. This warm-up consists of stretching, running and agility drills, in addition to "small sided" games with a soccer ball, which is not included in the FIFA11+. The 'usual' warm-up is decided by the coach with no standardization nor any formal research on its effectiveness in injury reduction or performance enhancement. | ||
All Cause Mortality |
||||
FIFA11+ / Intervention Group | Typical Warm-up / Control Group | |||
Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
Total | 0/11 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) | ||
Serious Adverse Events |
||||
FIFA11+ / Intervention Group | Typical Warm-up / Control Group | |||
Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
Total | 1/11 (9.1%) | 0/10 (0%) | ||
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | ||||
ACL Injury | 1/11 (9.1%) | 1 | 0/10 (0%) | 0 |
Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events |
||||
FIFA11+ / Intervention Group | Typical Warm-up / Control Group | |||
Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
Total | 0/11 (0%) | 0/10 (0%) |
Limitations/Caveats
More Information
Certain Agreements
Principal Investigators are NOT employed by the organization sponsoring the study.
There is NOT an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed.
Results Point of Contact
Name/Title | Dr. Matthew Wentzell |
---|---|
Organization | Mountain Health and Performance |
Phone | 6043566986 |
drwentzell@mountainhp.ca |
- H18-00383