Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Effective Treatment for Social Anxiety, Perfectionism, and Rumination

Sponsor

Alzahra University (Other)

Overall Status

Unknown status

CT.gov ID

NCT03946735

Collaborator

(none)

Enrollment

Arms

12.6

Anticipated Duration (Months)

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

This randomized, controlled trial study was designed to examine the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) on social anxiety, perfectionism, and rumination among individuals diagnosed with social anxiety in Tehran, Iran.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Social Anxiety Disorder	Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Effective Treatment for Social Anxiety, Perfectionism, and Rumination	N/A

Detailed Description

A total of 52 individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) (68% female, mean age = 35.67) were allocated to a CBT group or to a control group. The intervention group was given one session of therapy per week over a duration of 8 weeks, while the control group did not receive any intervention and was placed on a waiting list. Self-reported social anxiety, perfectionism, and rumination were measured before the CBT intervention, after the intervention, and two months after the intervention for both groups.

Study Design

Study Type:

Interventional

Anticipated Enrollment :

52 participants

Allocation:

Randomized

Intervention Model:

Parallel Assignment

Masking:

Single (Participant)

Primary Purpose:

Treatment

Official Title:

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Effective Treatment for Social Anxiety, Perfectionism, and Rumination

Anticipated Study Start Date :

Dec 1, 2019

Anticipated Primary Completion Date :

Jan 1, 2020

Anticipated Study Completion Date :

Dec 20, 2020

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Experimental: Intervention study Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for social anxiety	Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Effective Treatment for Social Anxiety, Perfectionism, and Rumination Week one involved introducing CBT and assessing the negative effects of perfectionism, rumination, and social anxiety. Week two allowed participants to specify stressful social activities, stressful social situations, and enjoyable activities. Week three to week six allowed participants to identify automatic thoughts and thinking errors (for example, all or nothing thinking, self-criticism, dysfunctional schemas for self-evaluation, and unrealistic standards). Assignments were provided to participants with the content of exposure to anxiety evoking situations in the treatment sessions and at home. Achievable behavioural goals were set for participants in the treatment sessions and at home.
Experimental: Social anxiety	Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Effective Treatment for Social Anxiety, Perfectionism, and Rumination Week one involved introducing CBT and assessing the negative effects of perfectionism, rumination, and social anxiety. Week two allowed participants to specify stressful social activities, stressful social situations, and enjoyable activities. Week three to week six allowed participants to identify automatic thoughts and thinking errors (for example, all or nothing thinking, self-criticism, dysfunctional schemas for self-evaluation, and unrealistic standards). Assignments were provided to participants with the content of exposure to anxiety evoking situations in the treatment sessions and at home. Achievable behavioural goals were set for participants in the treatment sessions and at home.

Arm

Intervention/Treatment

Experimental: Intervention study

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for social anxiety

Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Effective Treatment for Social Anxiety, Perfectionism, and Rumination

Week one involved introducing CBT and assessing the negative effects of perfectionism, rumination, and social anxiety. Week two allowed participants to specify stressful social activities, stressful social situations, and enjoyable activities. Week three to week six allowed participants to identify automatic thoughts and thinking errors (for example, all or nothing thinking, self-criticism, dysfunctional schemas for self-evaluation, and unrealistic standards). Assignments were provided to participants with the content of exposure to anxiety evoking situations in the treatment sessions and at home. Achievable behavioural goals were set for participants in the treatment sessions and at home.

Experimental: Social anxiety

Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy as an Effective Treatment for Social Anxiety, Perfectionism, and Rumination

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Change: Social anxiety [a measure assessing change between three time points (pre-test, post-test (after two months), and follow-up test (after four months)]
Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale for measuring social anxiety. this scale comprises of fear or anxiety and avoidance and sub-scales are combine (summed) to compute total score. Total score ranging from 0 to 144, and An individual who gets a total score over 60 in this measure is considered to have social anxiety

Secondary Outcome Measures

Change: Rumination and Reflection [a measure assessing change between three time points (pre-test, post-test (after two months), and follow-up test (after four months))]
Rumination and Reflection Questionnair for measuring rumination and reflection: This scale comprises rumination and reflection. Each sub-scale comprises 12 items, and total scores ranged from 12 to 60. An individual who gets higher score is considered to have high rumination/ reflection.

Other Outcome Measures

Change:Perfectionism [a measure assessing change between three time points (pre-test, post-test (after two months), and follow-up test (after four months)]
Almost Perfect Scale-Revised for measuring perfectionism: This scale comprises 23 items, but only 12 items associated to discrepancy (as a measure of maladaptive perfectionism or clinical perfectionism) are utilized in this study. Total scores ranged from 12 to 84 and higher score indicates higher level of perfectionism.

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

N/A and Older

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Yes

Inclusion Criteria:

Participants formally diagnosed with SAD by psychologists who determined the individual meet criteria outlined by the Diagnostic and Statistics Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

Exclusion Criteria:

If participants report a history of psychiatric disorders within the past 12 months such as schizophrenia, dementia, depression, alcohol and other drug addiction.
Participants could not partake if they were pregnant
Participants enroll in another psychological treatment program.