COLAR: Checkpoint Inhibitor Induced Colitis and Arthritis -Immunomodulation With IL-6 Blockade and Exploration of Disease Mechanisms
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) might induce inflammatory potentially serious and even lethal immune related Adverse Events (irAEs). Diarrhea and/or colitis are ones of the most frequently reported irAEs in patients taking ICI. Although the immune mechanisms underlying irAEs have not been fully elucidated, studies suggest that Th17 and Tregs cells, increases in expression of immunologically-related genes, eosinophilia, microbiome among others and cytokines may be involved in the pathophysiology of immune-related complications in some diseases that resemble irAEs, such as colitis and rheumatic manifestations. Importantly, interleukin-6 (IL-6) promotes the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Th17 cells (17), and IL-6 inhibition may rebalance the altered Th17-Treg axis without inhibiting the Th1-CD8+ T-cell subsets that govern antitumor immunity. These findings raise the possibility of using IL-6 blockade as a strategy for treating colitis and arthritis induced by immune checkpoint blockade.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
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N/A |
Detailed Description
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) pathway might induce inflammatory potentially serious and even lethal immune related Adverse Events (irAEs). Diarrhea and/or colitis are ones of the most frequently reported irAEs in patients taking ICI, occurring after an average of three infusions. The incidence is higher among patients taking combination anti-CTLA-4/ anti-PD-1 therapy (44%) than those receiving anti-CTLA-4 (23-33%) or anti-PD-1 (≤19%) monotherapy. The most common autoimmune and musculoskeletal irAEs reported in clinical trials are represented by arthralgia and arthritis. The incidence of arthralgia and/or inflammatory arthritis secondary to nivolumab therapy ranges from 5% to 16% and 5%, respectively. Although the immune mechanisms underlying irAEs have not been fully elucidated, studies suggest that Th17 and Tregs cells, increases in expression of immunologically-related genes, eosinophilia, microbiome among others and cytokines may be involved in the pathophysiology of immune-related complications in some diseases that resemble irAEs, such as colitis and rheumatic manifestations. Previous studies report Th-17, that drives interleukin-17 (IL-17) production, as a key mediator of many immune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease and ICI-induced colitis, and IL-17 elevations have been observed in experimental colitis. Importantly, interleukin-6 (IL-6) promotes the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Th17 cells (17), and IL-6 inhibition may rebalance the altered Th17-Treg axis without inhibiting the Th1-CD8+ T-cell subsets that govern antitumor immunity. An imbalance of Th17/Treg may cause the onset and progression of immune-mediated side effects. Thus, a 3-fold increase of IL-17 and IL-6 by week 12, concomitant with the development of fulminant colitis has been reported in a patient who developed presumed ipilimumab-induced colitis. These findings raise the possibility of using IL-6 blockade as a strategy for treating colitis and arthritis induced by immune checkpoint blockade.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Experimental: Experimental Tocilizumab 8 mg/kg is to be given as an IV infusion over 60 minutes every 4 weeks (Q4W). |
Drug: Tocilizumab (RoACTEMRA®)
Prednisolon will be given in case of worsening of symptoms
Other Names:
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Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Rate of at least one grade improvement using the NCI CTCAE v5.0 [2 months]
Clinical benefit of IL-6 inhibition by tocilizumab on diarrhea and/or colitis and/or arthritis induced by checkpoint inhibitors in patients with solid tumors within 8 weeks of treatment start
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Number of participants with treatment-related adverse events as assessed by CTCAE v4.0 [6 months]
Safety and tolerability of the treatment regimens assessed by a summary of adverse events and clinical laboratory assessments
- Rate of at least one grade improvement without prednisolone using the NCI CTCAE v5.0 [2 months]
Clinical benefit of IL-6 inhibition by tocilizumab on diarrhea and/or colitis and/or arthritis induced by checkpoint inhibitors in patients with solid tumors without corticosteroids within 8 weeks of treatment start
- Rate of sustained glucocorticoid-free remission [6 months]
Prolonged sustained glucocorticoid-free remission
Other Outcome Measures
- Biomarkers [6 months]
IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, CD4+ and CD 8+ T cells, Tregs, Th17 T cells, ANA RF, anti-CCP, CRP, WBC, ANC, CD163 and a profile of 90 proteins associated with cancer and inflammation (Olink array), fecal composition of the microflora, imaging changes and inflammation changes in colon if biopsies are available.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
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Signed informed consent
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Subjects must have signed and dated an IEC approved written informed consent form in accordance with regulatory and institutional guidelines. This must be obtained before the performance of any protocol related procedures that are not part of normal subject care
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Subjects must be willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment schedule, laboratory testing, and other requirements of the study
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Patients with solid tumors treated with PD-1, PD-L1 and /or CTLA-4 inhibitors
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Diarrhea and/or colitis CTCAE grade ˃ 1 and/or arthritis CTCAE grade ˃ 1 induced by PD-1, PD-L1 and /or CTLA-4 inhibitors
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Age 18 years and older
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ECOG/WHO Performance Status (PS) 0-1, PS of 2 due to ongoing irAEs is allowed
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White blood cell count (WBC) ≥ 2 x 10⁹/L and/or absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.0 x 10⁹/L
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Platelet count ≥ 50 x 10⁹/L
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Serum bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
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ASAT/ALAT ≤ 5 x ULN
Exclusion Criteria:
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History of allergy to study drug component
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Patients should be excluded if they have a condition and/or other irAEs requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (> 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents) or other immunosuppressive medications within 14 days of study drug administration
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Females of childbearing potential or males of reproductive potential who are not willing to use an effective method of contraception, such as oral, injected, or implanted hormonal methods of contraception, intrauterine device or intrauterine system, condom or occlusive cap (diaphragm or cervical/vault caps) with spermicidal foam, gel, film, cream, suppository, male sterilization, or true abstinence throughout study and for a minimum of 3 months after study drug therapy.
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Herlev & Gentofte University Hospital, Denmark | Herlev | Denmark | 2730 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Herlev Hospital
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
Investigators
None specified.Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
None provided.- AA 1820