Comparative Validation of "Blinq" and "2WIN" Vision Screeners
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
After 28 years of development, the binocular birefringence screener ("blinq," "Rebion") was commercially released. It need to be validated with AAPOS (American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus) criteria in part because the next Uniform Standards document is pending.
Adult and children pediatric and strabismus patients were screened with blinq and "2WIN" photoscreener with "CR" corneal reflex alignment test and then compared to confirmatory exam with age-appropriate determination of binocular status.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
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Detailed Description
As a part of a new or follow-up comprehensive eye examinations, patients were screened with two novel objective devices according to AAPOS Uniform guidelines. Following the refractive, alignment and sensory testing, cycloplegic refraction was performed 30 or more minutes after cyclopentolate 1% drops. In cooperative patients, sensory tests including Worth 4-dot, Stereo Fly and "PDI Check" were performed to characterize binocularity. For younger patients, binocular function was estimated by Bruckner Test, 4- base out prism cover and the CR corneal reflex component of "2WIN" photoscreener ("Adaptica," Padova Italy).
Each patient was screened with a recently commercially released blinq screener according to manufacturer's recommendations. If an initial interpretation of "pass" or "refer" was not achieved, then repeat efforts with "timed out" or "inconclusive" were accomplished and results evaluated as if a "refer." An example of blinq birefringent screening is shown in [video].
Patients were screened with the binocular infrared autorefractor "2WIN" according to manufacturer guidelines. Refractive referral criteria were not age-stratified.
The "Rebion blinq" is a unique screening method and therefore we sought to provide appropriate validation. In addition to non-age stratified AAPOS 2003 Uniform guidelines, we collected all cases characterized by constant or persistent strabismus whether large- or small angle employing cover test, 4 base out test, Bruckner Test and "2WIN CR" function. We did not employ any method of retinal videographic analysis of fixation instability.
De-identified patient data recorded for sharing on study website.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| blinq screened Patients screened by new birefringent screener |
Diagnostic Test: objective pediatric vision screen, "blinq,"
hand-held birefringent screener for simultaneous foveation
Other Names:
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Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- 2003 AAPOS Uniform Amblyopia Risk Factor (ARF) Prevalence [1 week]
presence of refractive risk factor (anisometropia >1.5 D, hyperopia>3.5 D, astigmatism ≥1.5 D, myopia 3 D or more) and/or strabismus constant >10 PD
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Binocularity [1 week]
Any defective Sensory (stereopsis > 200 sec arc, ocular Worth 4-Dot suppression distance and/or near) and/or objective ocular alignment (positive Bruckner Test, positive 4 prism base out test, or "2WIN" "CR" corneal reflex alignment > 10 PD)
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
Children in Pediatric Ophthalmology Practice Adult strabismus patients
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Exclusion Criteria:
patients with enucleations patients with eviscerations patients with exenterations
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Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alaska Children's EYE & Strabismus | Anchorage | Alaska | United States | 99508 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Alaska Blind Child Discovery
Investigators
None specified.Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
- Arnold RW. Comparative AAPOS Validation of the Birefringent Amblyopia Screener with Isolated Small-Angle Strabismus. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020 Jan 31;14:325-329. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S242335. eCollection 2020.
- Arnold SL, Arnold AW, Sprano JH, Arnold RW. Performance of the 2WIN Photoscreener With "CR" Strabismus Estimation in High-Risk Patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019 Nov;207:195-203. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.04.016. Epub 2019 May 9.
- Birch EE, Subramanian V, Weakley DR. Fixation instability in anisometropic children with reduced stereopsis. J AAPOS. 2013 Jun;17(3):287-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2013.03.011.
- Gramatikov BI, Irsch K, Wu YK, Guyton DL. New pediatric vision screener, part II: electronics, software, signal processing and validation. Biomed Eng Online. 2016 Feb 4;15:15. doi: 10.1186/s12938-016-0128-7.
- ABCD blinq 2WIN