CRS-BMI: Cortical Recording and Stimulating Array Brain-Machine Interface

Sponsor

Michael Boninger (Other)

Overall Status

Recruiting

CT.gov ID

NCT01894802

Collaborator

University of Chicago (Other)

Enrollment

Location

Arm

144

Anticipated Duration (Months)

0.2

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

The purpose of this research study is to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of using two CRS Arrays (microelectrodes) for long-term recording of brain motor cortex activity and microstimulation of brain sensory cortex.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Tetraplegia Spinal Cord Injury Brainstem Stroke Brachial Plexus Injury Above Elbow Amputation	Device: Implantation of CRS Arrays	N/A

Detailed Description

Individuals with severe paralysis have intact brain function but are unable to move due to injury or disease affecting the spinal cord, nerves or muscles. Brain-machine interface (BMI) technology is based on the finding that with intact brain function, neural (nerve) signals are generated even though they do not reach the arms, hands and legs. By placing (implanting) sensors on the surface of the brain, individuals can be trained to send neural signals which are interpreted by a computer and translated to movement which can then be used to control a variety of devices or computer displays. Using neural activity to control an external device is referred to as a brain-machine interface (BMI) technology. In addition, areas of the brain that are involved in interpreting sensations from the arms, hands and legs remain functional after injury. It is therefore possible to send tiny electrical pulses through implanted arrays to mimic sensory input that would normally come from the arms, hands and legs. The investigators refer to this as "microstimulation."

Study Design

Study Type:

Interventional

Anticipated Enrollment :

30 participants

Allocation:

N/A

Intervention Model:

Single Group Assignment

Masking:

None (Open Label)

Primary Purpose:

Other

Official Title:

A Sensorimotor Microelectrode Brain-Machine Interface for Individuals With Significant Upper Limb Impairment

Actual Study Start Date :

Dec 1, 2013

Anticipated Primary Completion Date :

Aug 1, 2024

Anticipated Study Completion Date :

Dec 1, 2025

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
Experimental: Brain-Machine Interface Users All participants enrolled in the study who meet eligibility criteria will be individuals implanted with microelectrodes in their brain to record neural activity. There is no control group.	Device: Implantation of CRS Arrays Two Blackrock Microsystems CRS Arrays will be implanted in the motor cortex and sensory cortex of study participants. Other Names: neuroprosthetic brain-machine interface brain-computer interface microelectrode array

Arm

Intervention/Treatment

Experimental: Brain-Machine Interface Users

All participants enrolled in the study who meet eligibility criteria will be individuals implanted with microelectrodes in their brain to record neural activity. There is no control group.

Device: Implantation of CRS Arrays

Two Blackrock Microsystems CRS Arrays will be implanted in the motor cortex and sensory cortex of study participants.

Other Names:

neuroprosthetic

brain-machine interface

brain-computer interface

microelectrode

array

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

The primary outcome is the safety of the participant. [One year following array implantation]
This measure will be considered a success if the device is not removed for safety reasons during the 12-month post-implant evaluation.

Secondary Outcome Measures

The secondary outcome is the efficacy of the electrodes for long-term recording of neural activity and successful control of external devices. [One year following array implantation]
The efficacy of the CRS Arrays will be determined through a variety of measures, including characterization of signal quality, degrees of freedom achieved and subject performance.

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

22 Years to 70 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Inclusion Criteria:

Subjects must have limited or no ability to use one or both hands due to cervical spinal cord injury, brainstem stroke, brachial plexus injury, above-elbow amputation, or spinal stroke. Individuals with intact limbs must have less than grade 2 strength in finger flexor and abduction on the contralateral side to the implant and a t-score <35 on the PROMIS Upper Extremity Short Form. The non-functional hand(s) may be involved passively in functional tasks; for example, pushing an object or passively grasping an object placed into the hand. However, the participant must report that they have no functional use of their hand(s).
Subjects must report that they are unable to perform functional activities with the hand contralateral to implantation.
Subjects must be over 1 year post-injury at time of implantation. In addition, subject must report no worsening in neurologic status (strength, sensation) for the previous 6 months.
Subjects must be between the ages of 22-70 years old. Participants outside this age range may be at an increased surgical risk and increased risk of fatigue during BMI training.
Subjects must live within 2 hours of the University of Pittsburgh during the study or be willing to travel to the University of Pittsburgh at least once per week for BMI training.
If subjects do not live in the Pittsburgh area, they are expected to stay somewhere within 2 hour of the University of Pittsburgh for at least 18 months after enrollment.
Subjects must be able to communicate with the investigators in English because of the need to follow the instructions of the study team.
Subjects must show an understanding of the study goals and have the ability to follow simple directions as judged by the investigators
Subjects must have results that are within normal limits on neuropsychological and psychosocial assessment; psychosocial health and support will be assessed by interview with the psychologist.
Subjects must be able to activate distinct cortical areas during imagined or attempted movement tasks (i.e. hand movement and speaking or moving the mouth); this will be evaluated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as part of screening.
Subjects must have a stable psychosocial support and caregivers who are able to perform the necessary daily care of the participant's skin and pedestal site. This requires that the subject identify a caregiver and a backup who have been in place for greater than 6 months and are able to provide needed physical and psychosocial support. This will be assessed by the sponsor-investigator and study neurosurgeon.
Subjects must have a life expectancy greater than 18 months as assessed by the study investigator and neurosurgeon sub-investigator
Documentation of informed consent must be obtained from the participant or their legal representative.
Participants with transhumeral amputation must have been evaluated for a prosthesis, and if deemed appropriate, were fit with an optimized prosthesis. The prosthesis should be used/considered for the PROMIS evaluation.

Exclusion Criteria:

Visual impairment such that extended viewing of a computer monitor would be difficult even with ordinary corrective lenses
Another serious disease(s) or disorder(s) that could affect ability to participate in this study (verified during pre-op anesthesia evaluation to determine surgical risk status)
Recent history of pressure sores that could be exacerbated by 1-2 days of bed rest
Metallic implant(s) that would prohibit the subject from having an fMRI scan; spinal fixators are generally non-ferrous and would not exclude someone from participating in the study
Any type of implantable generator such as a pacemaker, spinal cord stimulator, cochlear implant, deep brain stimulator (DBS), DBS leads, vagus nerve stimulator, or defibrillator
Women of childbearing age who are pregnant, lactating, or plan to become pregnant during the next 25 months
Allergy to contrast medium or kidney failure that could be exacerbated by contrast agent (for MRI)
Subjects receiving medications (such as sedatives) chronically that may retard motor coordination and cognitive ability
Individuals who require routine MRI, therapeutic ultrasound, or diathermy
Individuals with osteomyelitis
Severe skin disorder that causes excessive skin sloughing, lesions or breakdown of the scalp
History of myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest or with intractable cardiac arrhythmias
Individuals with an implanted hydrocephalus shunt
Individuals who have had a stroke caused by a surgical procedure
Active infection(s) or unexplained fever (verified during pre-op anesthesia evaluation to determine surgical risk status)
Consumption of more than 1 alcoholic beverage per day on average
Receiving chronic oral or intravenous steroids or immunosuppressive therapy
Active cancer within the past year (other than adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer) or require chemotherapy
Uncontrolled insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
Uncontrolled autonomic dysreflexia within the past 3 months (for those with spinal cord injury)
Individuals with seizure disorders currently being treated with anti-epileptic medications and individuals with a familial history of seizure disorders
Individuals who have attempted suicide in the past 12 months
Individuals who are immunosuppressed or who have conditions that typically result in immunocompromise (including, but not limited to: ataxia-telangiectasia, cancer, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, combined immunodeficiency disease, complement deficiencies, DiGeorge syndrome, HIV/AIDS, hypogammaglobulinemia, Job syndrome, leukocyte adhesion defects, malnutrition, panhypogammaglobulinemia, Bruton disease, congenital agammaglobulinemia, selective deficiency of IgA and Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome)
Individuals who have had previous neurosurgical intervention involving the frontal lobes (especially the motor cortex) and/or parietal lobe (especially the somatosensory cortex) that is likely to impact the viability of an intracortical electrode
Individuals with active psychiatric concerns, including but not limited to major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder
Individuals with substance abuse within 6 months of study participation
Individuals who are judged by a clinician as being an unsafe ambulator - This would be decided based on a history of frequent uncontrolled falls more than 3 or 4 in a year, or falls that resulted in injury
Individuals who plan to participate in contact sports or sports that require a helmet