The Effects of Two Days of Bedrest on Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetics

Sponsor

University of New Mexico (Other)

Overall Status

Completed

CT.gov ID

NCT00508599

Collaborator

(none)

Enrollment

Location

Arms

33.1

Duration (Months)

0.5

Patients Per Site Per Month

Study Details

Study Description

Brief Summary

The hypothesis of this study is that bed rest in diabetic patients will result in a deterioration of metabolic control (primarily glucose).

Specific aims:

To determine the change in metabolic control in type 2 diabetic individuals when three days of bed rest is compared to three days of activity;
To determine the rate of progression of the deterioration in metabolic control and the magnitude of the decrease;
To assess whether the anticipated deterioration of metabolic control has effects on several parameters of glucose metabolism, including hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia;
To determine the effects of bed rest on surrogate markers of atherosclerosis, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine.
To compare the effects of 48 hours of bed rest on orthostatic responses in type 2 diabetic patients, and healthy non-diabetics.
To make recommendations to the diabetic community to prevent metabolic deterioration during a 3 day hospitalization.

Condition or Disease	Intervention/Treatment	Phase
Type 2 Diabetes Insulin Resistance	Other: Study 2 (48 hours of complete bed rest)	N/A

Detailed Description

The goal for all diabetic patients is to maintain their metabolic control as close to normal as possible to prevent the short and long term complications of diabetes. Surgery of any type presents a unique challenge to the diabetic patient because two factors tend to worsen their metabolic control 1) the stress of the actual surgery and 2) the bed rest that follows the surgery. Data has clearly shown that surgery increase counter regulatory hormones (epinephrine, glucagon, growth hormone and cortisol). What has not been studied is the effect of bed rest per se on metabolic control. This is surprising because there are many studies in normal healthy people demonstrating that simple bed rest increases insulin resistance and worsens metabolic control.

The proposed study will define the metabolic effects of simple, three-day bed rest on metabolic control in healthy type 2 diabetic volunteers while evaluating the orthostatic response after bed rest. All studies will be done in the inpatient, General Clinical Research Center (GCRC). All volunteers will stop their oral antidiabetic medication before they enter the GCRC. They will be placed on intravenous insulin to prevent severe metabolic deterioration and hyperglycemia. The amount of insulin we have to give them to maintain metabolic control will be one measure of the effects of bed rest on metabolic control.

Experimental Design and Methods.

A crossover study in twenty healthy normal and twenty healthy type 2 diabetic subjects will be utilized. Each subject will be admitted the the GCRC the night prior to beginning the study in order to insure metabolic stability at the start of the protocol. Each subject will stay in the GCRC three full days (three nights) from the time of admission. Each subject will be admitted on two separate occasions, separated by at least a two week interval. A diagram of the protocol is given below:

The primary difference between the two admissions will be the amount of physical activity allowed each subject. On the normal physical activity GCRC admission, the subject will be encouraged to stay our of bed until his/her usual bedtime. All procedures and meals will take place in the GCRC but in between times the subject will be encouraged to walk around the hospital and to carry out normal activities of daily living. On the bed rest GCRC admission, the subjects will be encouraged to stay in bed as much as possible and to use a bedside commode. A tilt test was performed on the morning of the first day of each hospitalization and again 48 hours later. The same testing will be done as in the normal activity admission.

All medications that the volunteer usually takes at home will be continued in the hospital.

The volunteer will be in the GCRC for three days: Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3. The following tests will be done on the three days:

Day 1 - Blood will drawn for fasting lipids, glucose, insulin, and C-peptide as well as surrogate markers of atherosclerosis including PAI-1, IL-6, homocysteine, fibrinogen, and CRP. In addition, a tilt table test will be done to assess autonomic response to activity or bedrest.

Day 2 - Blood will drawn for fasting lipids, glucose, insulin, and C-peptide as well as surrogate markers of atherosclerosis including PAI-1, IL-6, homocysteine, fibrinogen, and CRP.

Day 3 - Blood will drawn for fasting lipids, glucose, insulin, and C-peptide as well as surrogate markers of atherosclerosis including PAI-1, IL-6, homocysteine, fibrinogen, and CRP. In addition, a tilt table test will be done to assess autonomic response to activity or bed rest.

Study Design

Study Type:

Interventional

Actual Enrollment :

16 participants

Allocation:

Randomized

Intervention Model:

Crossover Assignment

Masking:

None (Open Label)

Primary Purpose:

Treatment

Official Title:

Effect of a 2-Day Bed Rest on Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Study Start Date :

May 1, 2003

Actual Primary Completion Date :

Oct 1, 2004

Actual Study Completion Date :

Feb 1, 2006

Arms and Interventions

Arm	Intervention/Treatment
No Intervention: 1 Study 1 is the control arm in which participants continue with their normal activity.
Experimental: 2. Study 2 consists of 48 hours of complete bed rest.	Other: Study 2 (48 hours of complete bed rest) Effects of 48 hours of bed rest on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic subjects.

Arm

Intervention/Treatment

No Intervention: 1

Study 1 is the control arm in which participants continue with their normal activity.

Experimental: 2.

Study 2 consists of 48 hours of complete bed rest.

Other: Study 2 (48 hours of complete bed rest)

Effects of 48 hours of bed rest on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic subjects.

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

Insulin resistance and orthostatic response [48 hours bed rest and 48 hours activity]

Secondary Outcome Measures

Change in glucose, insulin, and orthostatic impairment. [48 hours of bed rest and 48 hours of Activity]

Eligibility Criteria

Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study:

21 Years to 75 Years

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Yes

Inclusion Criteria:

Type 2 diabetic for at least 6 months.
Healthy volunteers.
Type 2 diabetic subjects will have some nominal ability to secrete endogenous insulin as demonstrated by a post-stimulation C-peptide concentration of at least 6 ng/ml.
All subjects will be mentally fit to give informed consent.
Hemoglobin A1C value below 11% (normal range = 4.4-5.8%) prior to study enrollment.