The Effect of 4 Weeks of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Macro- and Microvascular Function in Type 2 Diabetes
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of 4 weeks of Citrulline supplementation on macro- and microvascular function during acute hyperglycemia in middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes.
Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
---|---|---|
|
N/A |
Detailed Description
Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, and parallel design, middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes will be randomized to receive either CIT supplementation (6g/day) or placebo (Microcrystalline Cellulose, 6g/day) for 4 weeks.
There will be a total of 3 laboratory visits. Visit 1 (screening visit) will take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes, visit 2 will take approximately 2 hours and 30 minutes, and visit 3 will be approximately 3 hours each.
Visit 1 will measure blood pressure, blood glucose and lipid levels, anthropometry, body composition, and muscle strengths. Visits 2 and 3 will assess vascular function and glucose control during fasted and acute hyperglycemia conditions induced by 75g of glucose ingestion.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: L-citrulline 6 grams/day |
Dietary Supplement: L-citrulline
4 weeks of L-citrulline (6 g/day) in 8 capsules. Supplementation will be ingested daily, half of the doses in the morning and half at night.
|
Placebo Comparator: Placebo Microcrystalline cellulose |
Dietary Supplement: Placebo
4 weeks of microcrystalline cellulose in 8 capsules. Supplementation will be ingested daily, half of the doses in the morning and half at night.
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Change in macrovascular endothelial function in the fasted condition [4 weeks]
Macrovascular endothelial function will be measured using brachial artery flow mediated dilation (ultrasonography) during reactive hyperemia at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in macrovascular endothelial function during acute hyperglycemia [4 weeks]
Macrovascular endothelial function will be measured using brachial artery flow mediated dilation (ultrasonography) during reactive hyperemia at 60 minutes after oral glucose ingestion at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in microvascular endothelial function in the fasted condition [4 weeks]
Microvascular endothelial function will be assessed using peripheral arterial tonometry (EndoPAT device) during reactive hyperemia at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in microvascular endothelial function in the fasted condition [4 weeks]
Microvascular endothelial function will be assessed using forearm muscle oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) during reactive hyperemia at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in microvascular endothelial function during acute hyperglycemia [4 weeks]
Microvascular endothelial function will be assessed using forearm muscle oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) during reactive hyperemia at 60 minutes after oral glucose ingestion at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in blood glucose levels in the fasted condition [4 weeks]
Blood glucose levels will be measured by finger prick at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in blood glucose levels during acute hyperglycemia [4 weeks]
Blood glucose levels will be measured by finger prick at 60 minutes after oral glucose ingestion at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in central and peripheral arterial stiffness in the fasted condition [4 weeks]
Arterial stiffness will be assessed using the central (carotid-femoral) and peripheral (femoral-ankle) pulse wave velocity at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in central and peripheral arterial stiffness during acute hyperglycemia [4 weeks]
Arterial stiffness will be assessed using the central (carotid-femoral) and peripheral (femoral-ankle) pulse wave velocity at 60 minutes after oral glucose ingestion at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in blood pressure in the fasted condition [4 weeks]
Brachial and aortic blood pressure will be measured using an automated sphygmomanometry arm cuff (SphygmoCor XCEL). Beat-to-beat blood pressure will be measured using an automated photoplethysmography finger cuff (Finometer). Blood pressure will be measured at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in blood pressure during acute hyperglycemia [4 weeks]
Brachial and aortic blood pressure will be measured using an automated sphygmomanometry arm cuff (SphygmoCor XCEL). Beat-to-beat blood pressure will be measured using an automated photoplethysmography finger cuff (Finometer). Blood pressure will be measured at 60 minutes after oral glucose ingestion at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in stroke volume in the fasted condition [4 weeks]
Stroke volume will be measured using impedance cardiography (PhysioFlow) at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in stroke volume during acute hyperglycemia [4 weeks]
Stroke volume will be measured using impedance cardiography (PhysioFlow) at 60 minutes after oral glucose ingestion at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in total peripheral resistance in the fasted condition [4 weeks]
Total peripheral resistance will be measured using impedance cardiography (PhysioFlow) at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in total peripheral resistance during acute hyperglycemia [4 weeks]
Total peripheral resistance will be measured using impedance cardiography (PhysioFlow) at 60 minutes after oral glucose ingestion at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Change in body composition [4 weeks]
Body composition (fat and lean mass) will be measured at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in muscle strength [4 weeks]
Maximal handgrip strength will be measured using handgrip dynamometer. Leg extension and plantar flexion strength will be measured using the 10RM test at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in insulin levels [4 weeks]
Serum insulin levels will be tested at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in serum arginine levels [4 weeks]
Serum arginine levels will tested at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in serum arginase activity levels [4 weeks]
Serum arginase activity levels will tested at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
- Change in 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [4 weeks]
Ambulatory blood pressure will be obtained using a monitor during daytime and nighttime on two separate days at baseline and after 4 weeks of supplementation.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
-
Middle-aged and older women and men between 40-75 years old
-
A physician diagnosed type 2 diabetes at least 3 months ago
-
Treated with an oral hypoglycemic medication
-
Body mass index < 40 kg/m2
-
Systolic blood pressure < 160 mmHg
-
Sedentary (defined as < 120 min/week of exercise)
-
Not currently participating in exercise or dietary interventions for at least 2 months prior the present study and willing to abstain from participating in those strategies during the duration of this study.
Exclusion Criteria:
-
< 40 years of age and > 65 years of age
-
Use of medications and/or any supplements that may affect outcome variables (such as arginine- or citrulline-containing supplements, nitrates, and nitroglycerin)
-
Body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m2
-
Systolic blood pressure ≥ 160 mmHg
-
Recent changes in medications within 3 months
-
Current smoking any tobacco use
-
Type 1 diabetes, severe cardiovascular/renal/pulmonary diseases
-
More than 7 alcoholic drinks/week of consumption
-
Premenopausal women with an irregular menstrual cycle (oligomenorrhea) or pregnancy
Contacts and Locations
Locations
Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | TTU Kinesiology and Sport Management Building | Lubbock | Texas | United States | 79409 |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Texas Tech University
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Arturo Figueroa, Ph.D, MD, Texas Tech University
Study Documents (Full-Text)
None provided.More Information
Publications
None provided.- IRB2022-1056