Throwers Ten Exercises On Upper Extremity Function and Explosive Power in Wheelchair Basketball and Basketball Players
Study Details
Study Description
Brief Summary
Basketball is a challenging sport that requires participants to demonstrate physical fitness and special athletic skills at high levels. Players avoid contact while attempting to prevent the opponent from running, passing and shooting. Although basketball includes avoiding contact as a rule, contact between players is inevitable. Various injuries occur in basketball because it is a contact sport and includes sudden movements, such as bouncing, running and turning. Wheelchair (WC) basketball is characterised by manoeuvres and high-intensity activities such as rolling, rebounding, passing and overhead shooting. In WC basketball players, thoracic kyphosis is increased because of atrophy of the upper back and shoulders muscles resulting from the body posture required for WC propulsion in the sitting position as well as the effect of gravity. This sitting posture is characterised by scapular protraction and internal rotation of the humerus, and it impedes shoulder movements during upper-extremity use.
Overhead throwing is a movement that involves high speed and repetitive movement that leads to upper-extremity injuries. It is important to develop muscle strength and proprioception to protect against these injuries.
Throwers Ten exercise programme is a programme designed to improve the power, strength and endurance of large muscle groups required for the throwing activity. It consists of exercises involving the movement of upper limb joints in full range of joint motion (ROM) or at specified specific angles, with the help of a resistance band and weights specific to individual athletes.
In the literature, no study has demonstrated the effectiveness of Throwers Ten exercise programme in these sports groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Throwers Ten exercise programme on upper-extremity function and explosive power in the WC basketball players and stand-up basketball players.
| Condition or Disease | Intervention/Treatment | Phase |
|---|---|---|
|
N/A |
Detailed Description
Basketball is a challenging sport that requires participants to demonstrate physical fitness and special athletic skills at high levels. Players avoid contact while attempting to prevent the opponent from running, passing and shooting. Although basketball includes avoiding contact as a rule, contact between players is inevitable. Various injuries occur in basketball because it is a contact sport and includes sudden movements, such as bouncing, running and turning.
Wheelchair (WC) basketball is characterised by manoeuvres and high-intensity activities such as rolling, rebounding, passing and overhead shooting. In WC basketball players, thoracic kyphosis is increased because of atrophy of the upper back and shoulders muscles resulting from the body posture required for WC propulsion in the sitting position as well as the effect of gravity. This sitting posture is characterised by scapular protraction and internal rotation of the humerus, and it impedes shoulder movements during upper-extremity use. The force balance changes because of humeral internal rotation and scapular protraction, and the internal rotator and adductor muscles become stronger than their antagonists. In basketball, throwing and pushing are used to pass the ball to the target. In throwing, the force of the dominant upper extremity comes into play with the internal rotation of the humerus. In this movement, the humerus is almost horizontal and parallel to the ground.
Increased use of the upper extremities in WC users increases upper-extremity load. For this reason, upper-extremity muscle strength, endurance and explosive power are of great importance. Rotational muscle strength of the shoulder has critical roles in activities specific to basketball as well as WC control in WC basketball players.
Overhead throwing is a movement that involves high speed and repetitive movement that leads to upper-extremity injuries. It is important to develop muscle strength and proprioception to protect against these injuries.
Throwers Ten exercise programme is a programme designed to improve the power, strength and endurance of large muscle groups required for the throwing activity. It consists of exercises involving the movement of upper limb joints in full range of joint motion (ROM) or at specified specific angles, with the help of a resistance band and weights specific to individual athletes. In a study conducted by Wilk et al., it was reported that muscle strength and endurance were improved by increasing muscle activation and facilitation, and achieving dynamic stabilisation by adding isometric contractions to the concentric/eccentric contractions applied in the Throwers Ten exercise programme.
In the literature, no study has demonstrated the effectiveness of Throwers Ten exercise programme in these sports groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Throwers Ten exercise programme on upper-extremity function and explosive power in the WC basketball players and stand-up basketball players. In addition, because the WC basketball players and stand-up basketball players were evaluated in this study, our secondary aim was to elucidate the differences in responses to the exercise programme between a group without lower-extremity use and incomplete strength distribution and a group with complete strength distribution.
Study Design
Arms and Interventions
| Arm | Intervention/Treatment |
|---|---|
| Other: Wheelchair basketball and ambulant basketball players 13 players from the North Cyprus wheelchair Basketball Team and 15 players from the Koop Bank Basketball Men's Team voluntarily will participate in the study. Subjects will include to study if they fulfil criteria. Athletes will involve in 8 weeks Thrower's Ten exercise program. After 8. Weeks and 12. Weeks assessments will be repeated. |
Other: The effect of throwers ten exercise programme on wheelchair basketball and ambulant basketball players
Throwers Ten exercise programme is a programme designed to improve the power, strength and endurance of large muscle groups required for the throwing activity. It consists of exercises involving the movement of upper limb joints in full range of joint motion or at specified specific angles, with the help of a resistance band and weights specific to individual athletes. In the literature, no study has demonstrated the effectiveness of Throwers Ten exercise programme in wheelchair basketball and ambulant basketball players.
|
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures
- Measurement of Muscle Strength (Absolute Values Are Being Reported) [All measurements will repeat three times at 5-s intervals and the mean value will be taken. Baseline, 8 and 12 Weeks reported.]
The strength of shoulder flexion, abduction, external rotation (E.R), internal rotation(İ.R) and elbow flexion will measure as isometric muscle strength in kg by J-Tech Medical/USA Tracker Freedom Isometric Muscle Test.
- Medicine Ball Throwing Test (Absolute Values Are Being Reported) [All measurements will repeat three times at 5-s intervals and the mean value will be taken. Baseline, 8 and 12 Weeks reported.]
In this test, the distance that a 3-kg ball can be thrown will measure to assess upper-extremity explosive strength. The test will conduct in two different positions. In the first test, the participant will seat in a chair of sufficient height without armrests so that the scapula will be in a free position. The ball is then grasp with both hands and throw forward overhead, and the distance will record. In the second test, the participant is in the same starting position and throw the ball forward with two hands after bringing it to the chest level, and the distance will record.
- Hand Grip Test (Absolute Value Are Being Reported) [All measurements will repeat three times at 5-s intervals and the mean value will be taken. Baseline, 8 and 12 Weeks reported.]
Hand-grip strength will measure with a J-Tech Medical/USA Tracker Freedom Grip in kg.
Secondary Outcome Measures
- Measurement of Range of Motion (Absolute Values Are Being Reported) [All measurements will repeat three times at 5-s intervals and the mean value will be taken. Baseline, 8 and 12 Weeks reported.]
Shoulder flexion, abduction and external rotation (E.R), internal rotation (İ.R) range of movement will measure in degrees by J-Tech Medical/US Tracker Freedom Goniometer.
Eligibility Criteria
Criteria
Inclusion Criteria:
-
Asymptomatic athletes
-
Professional athlete who plays at least 10 years
-
Subjects who are voluntary to participate in the study
Exclusion Criteria:
-
Upper extremity related surgery in past 6 months
-
Rotator cuff tears in past 3 months
-
Current pain in shoulder and neck
Contacts and Locations
Locations
| Site | City | State | Country | Postal Code | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mehmet Reis Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Center | Nicosia | Lefkoşa | Cyprus | Mersin10Turkey |
Sponsors and Collaborators
- Hacettepe University
Investigators
- Study Director: Volga Bayrakcı Tunay, Hacettepe University
Study Documents (Full-Text)
More Information
Publications
None provided.- GO15/204
Study Results
Participant Flow
| Recruitment Details | |
|---|---|
| Pre-assignment Detail | During evaluations and training, 1 wheelchair basketball player, and 3 stand-up basketball players were excluded from the study as they failed to meet the inclusion criteria. |
| Arm/Group Title | Wheelchair Basketball Players | Ambulant Basketball Players |
|---|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | 13 players from the North Cyprus Turkcell Wheelchair Basketball Team voluntarily participated in the study. During evaluations and training, one WC basketball player was excluded from the study as they failed to meet the inclusion criteria. After preliminary evaluation, all participants took part in the Throwers Ten exercise programme 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Evaluations were made before the exercise programme, at week 8 at programme completion, and at week 12 after programme completion. | 15 players from the Koop Bank Basketball Men's Team voluntarily participated in the study. During evaluations and training three basketball players were excluded from the study as they failed to meet the inclusion criteria. After preliminary evaluation, all participants took part in the Throwers Ten exercise programme 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Evaluations were made before the exercise programme, at week 8 at programme completion, and at week 12 after programme completion. |
| Period Title: Overall Study | ||
| STARTED | 13 | 15 |
| COMPLETED | 12 | 12 |
| NOT COMPLETED | 1 | 3 |
Baseline Characteristics
| Arm/Group Title | Wheelchair Basketball and Ambulant Basketball Players |
|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | 13 players from the North Cyprus wheelchair Basketball Team and 15 players from the Koop Bank Basketball Men's Team voluntarily will participate in the study. Subjects will include to study if they fulfil criteria. Athletes will involve in 8 weeks Thrower's Ten exercise program. After 8. Weeks and 12. Weeks assessments will be repeated. The effect of throwers ten exercise programme on wheelchair basketball and ambulant basketball players: Throwers Ten exercise programme is a programme designed to improve the power, strength and endurance of large muscle groups required for the throwing activity. It consists of exercises involving the movement of upper limb joints in full range of joint motion or at specified specific angles, with the help of a resistance band and weights specific to individual athletes. In the literature, no study has demonstrated the effectiveness of Throwers Ten exercise programme in wheelchair basketball and ambulant basketball players. |
| Overall Participants | 24 |
| Age (Count of Participants) | |
| <=18 years |
2
8.3%
|
| Between 18 and 65 years |
22
91.7%
|
| >=65 years |
0
0%
|
| Sex: Female, Male (Count of Participants) | |
| Female |
0
0%
|
| Male |
24
100%
|
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized (Count of Participants) | |
| Cypriot |
24
100%
|
| Region of Enrollment (Count of Participants) | |
| Cyprus |
24
100%
|
| Sporting Experience (year) (years) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ] | |
| Wheelchair Basketball Players |
10.6
(6.9)
|
| Ambulant Basketball Players |
12.2
(8.1)
|
| Body Mass İndex (kg/m²) (kg/m²) [Mean (Standard Deviation) ] | |
| Wheelchair Basketball Players |
23.18
(4.63)
|
| Ambulant Basketball Players |
25.46
(0.9)
|
Outcome Measures
| Title | Measurement of Muscle Strength (Absolute Values Are Being Reported) |
|---|---|
| Description | The strength of shoulder flexion, abduction, external rotation (E.R), internal rotation(İ.R) and elbow flexion will measure as isometric muscle strength in kg by J-Tech Medical/USA Tracker Freedom Isometric Muscle Test. |
| Time Frame | All measurements will repeat three times at 5-s intervals and the mean value will be taken. Baseline, 8 and 12 Weeks reported. |
Outcome Measure Data
| Analysis Population Description |
|---|
| 12 Wheelchair basketball players and 12 ambulant basketball players muscle strength test results in baseline, 8 Week and 12 Week were compared. |
| Arm/Group Title | Wheelchair Basketball and Ambulant Basketball Players |
|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | 13 players from the North Cyprus Turkcell Wheelchair Basketball Team and 15 players from the Koop Bank Basketball Men's Team voluntarily participated in the study. During evaluations and training, 1 wheelchair basketball player, and 3 stand-up basketball players were excluded from the study as they failed to meet the inclusion criteria. The final participants were 12 male wheelchair basketball players and12 male stand-up basketball players. After preliminary evaluation, all participants took part in the Throwers Ten exercise programme 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Evaluations were made before the exercise programme, at week 8 at programme completion, and at week 12 after programme completion. |
| Measure Participants | 24 |
| ShoulderFlexionWheelchairBasketballRight Baseline |
3.9
(0.7)
|
| ShoulderFlexionAmbulantBasketballRight Baseline |
5.1
(0.9)
|
| ShoulderFlexionWheelchairBasketballRight at 8 Week |
5.7
(1.5)
|
| ShoulderFlexionAmbulantBasketballRight at 8 Week |
7.4
(1.5)
|
| ShoulderFlexionWheelchairBasketballRight at 12Week |
5.5
(1.6)
|
| ShoulderFlexionAmbulantBasketballRight at 12 Week |
5.4
(0.8)
|
| ShoulderFlexionWheelchairBasketball Left Baseline |
3.8
(0.7)
|
| ShoulderFlexionAmbulantBasketball Left at Baseline |
5.5
(0.8)
|
| ShoulderFlexionWheelchairBasketball Left at 8 Week |
5.7
(1.8)
|
| ShoulderFlexionAmbulantBasketball Left at 8 Week |
7.5
(1)
|
| ShoulderFlexionWheelchairBasketball Left at 12Week |
5.5
(1.8)
|
| ShoulderFlexionAmbulantBasketball Left at 12 Week |
5.8
(0.8)
|
| ShoulderAbductionWheelchairBasketballRightBaseline |
4
(0.7)
|
| ShoulderAbductionAmbulantBasketballRight Baseline |
5.4
(1.2)
|
| ShoulderAbductionWheelchairBasketballRight at8Week |
5.9
(1.7)
|
| ShoulderAbductionAmbulantBasketballRight at8Week |
7.4
(1.3)
|
| ShoulderAbductionWheelchairBasketballRightat12Week |
5.7
(1.7)
|
| ShoulderAbductionAmbulantBasketballRight at12Week |
5.8
(1.2)
|
| ShoulderAbductionWheelcahairBasketballLeftBaseline |
3.7
(0.7)
|
| ShoulderAbductionAmbulantBasketballLeft Baseline |
5.8
(0.8)
|
| ShoulderAbductionWheelchairBasketballLeft at8Week |
5.9
(1.7)
|
| ShoulderAbductionAmbulantBasketballLeft at8Week |
7.7
(1)
|
| ShoulderAbductionWheelchairBasketballLeft at12Week |
5.7
(1.7)
|
| ShoulderAbductionAmbulantBasketballLeft at12Week |
6.2
(1)
|
| Shoulder E.R WheelchairBasketball Right Baseline |
1.8
(0.4)
|
| Shoulder E.R Ambulant Basketball Right Baseline |
3.9
(0.8)
|
| Shoulder E.R WheelchairBasketball Right at 8 Week |
4.4
(1.6)
|
| Shoulder E.R Ambulant Basketball Right at 8 Week |
4.9
(1.1)
|
| Shoulder E.R WheelchairBasketball Right at 12 Week |
4.1
(1.6)
|
| Shoulder E.R Ambulant Basketball Right at 12 Week |
4.2
(0.7)
|
| Shoulder E.R WheelchairBasketball Left Baseline |
1.8
(0.4)
|
| Shoulder E.R Ambulant Basketball Left Baseline |
4.1
(0.6)
|
| Shoulder E.R WheelchairBasketball Left at 8 Week |
4.5
(1.7)
|
| Shoulder E.R Ambulant Basketball Left at 8 Week |
4.9
(0.9)
|
| Shoulder E.R WheelchairBasketball Left at 12 Week |
4.3
(1.6)
|
| Shoulder E.R Ambulant Basketball Left at 12 Week |
4.5
(0.7)
|
| Shoulder İ.R WheelchairBasketball Right Baseline |
1.9
(0.4)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Ambulant Basketball Right Baseline |
4.8
(1)
|
| Shoulder İ.R WheelchairBasketball Right at 8 Week |
5.5
(2.3)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Ambulant Basketball Right at 8 Week |
6.6
(1)
|
| Shoulder İ.R WheelchairBasketball Right at 12 Week |
5.3
(2.4)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Ambulant Basketball Right at 12 Week |
5.3
(1.3)
|
| Shoulder İ.R WheelchairBasketball Left Baseline |
1.9
(0.5)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Ambulant Basketball Left Baseline |
3.8
(0.7)
|
| Shoulder İ.R WheelchairBasketball Left at 8 Week |
4.4
(1.7)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Ambulant Basketball Left at 8 Week |
5.5
(0.8)
|
| Shoulder İ.R WheelchairBasketball Left at 12 Week |
4.2
(1.7)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Ambulant Basketball Left at 12 Week |
4.1
(0.9)
|
| Elbow Flexion WheelchairBasketball Right Baseline |
3
(0.8)
|
| Elbow Flexion Ambulant Basketball Right Baseline |
6.6
(1.1)
|
| Elbow Flexion WheelchairBasketball Right at 8 Week |
6.7
(2.6)
|
| Elbow Flexion Ambulant Basketball Right at 8 Week |
7.7
(1.1)
|
| Elbow Flexion WheelchairBasketball Right at 12Week |
6.2
(2.3)
|
| Elbow Flexion Ambulant Basketball Right at 12 Week |
6.9
(1.3)
|
| Elbow Flexion WheelchairBasketball Left Baseline |
2.6
(0.5)
|
| Elbow Flexion Ambulant Basketball Left Baseline |
6.3
(0.8)
|
| Elbow Flexion WheelchairBasketball Left at 8 Week |
6
(2.7)
|
| Elbow Flexion Ambulant Basketball Left at 8 Week |
7.5
(1.2)
|
| Elbow Flexion WheelchairBasketball Left at 12 Week |
5.7
(2.7)
|
| Elbow Flexion Ambulant Basketball Left at 12 Week |
6.5
(0.7)
|
| Title | Medicine Ball Throwing Test (Absolute Values Are Being Reported) |
|---|---|
| Description | In this test, the distance that a 3-kg ball can be thrown will measure to assess upper-extremity explosive strength. The test will conduct in two different positions. In the first test, the participant will seat in a chair of sufficient height without armrests so that the scapula will be in a free position. The ball is then grasp with both hands and throw forward overhead, and the distance will record. In the second test, the participant is in the same starting position and throw the ball forward with two hands after bringing it to the chest level, and the distance will record. |
| Time Frame | All measurements will repeat three times at 5-s intervals and the mean value will be taken. Baseline, 8 and 12 Weeks reported. |
Outcome Measure Data
| Analysis Population Description |
|---|
| 12 Wheelchair basketball (W.B) players and 12 ambulant basketball (A.B) players medicine ball throwing test results in Baseline, 8 Weeks and 12 Weeks were compared. |
| Arm/Group Title | Wheelchair Basketball and Ambulant Basketball Players |
|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | 13 players from the North Cyprus Turkcell Wheelchair Basketball Team and 15 players from the Koop Bank Basketball Men's Team voluntarily participated in the study. During evaluations and training, one WC basketball player, and three stand-up basketball players were excluded from the study as they failed to meet the inclusion criteria. The final participants were 12 male wheelchair basketball players and 12 male stand-up basketball players. After preliminary evaluation, all participants took part in the Throwers Ten exercise programme 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Evaluations were made before the exercise programme, at week 8 at programme completion, and at week 12 after programme completion. |
| Measure Participants | 24 |
| Medicine Ball Overhead Throw W.B Baseline |
360.6
(103.8)
|
| Medicine Ball Overhead Throw A.B Baseline |
603.5
(73.4)
|
| Medicine Ball Overhead Throw W.B 8 Week |
386.9
(110.1)
|
| Medicine Ball Overhead Throw A.B 8 Week |
606.2
(100.5)
|
| Medicine Ball Overhead Throw W.B 12 Week |
370
(104.6)
|
| Medicine Ball Overhead Throw A.B 12 Week |
599.3
(82.1)
|
| Medicine Ball Chest Throw W.B Baseline |
410.3
(142)
|
| Medicine Ball Chest Throw A.B Baseline |
597.2
(64.4)
|
| Medicine Ball Chest Throw W.B 8 Week |
439.4
(147.6)
|
| Medicine Ball Chest Throw A.B 8 Week |
645.8
(50.6)
|
| Medicine Ball Chest Throw W.B 12 Week |
421.5
(146.7)
|
| Medicine Ball Chest Throw A.B 12 Week |
605.7
(60)
|
| Title | Hand Grip Test (Absolute Value Are Being Reported) |
|---|---|
| Description | Hand-grip strength will measure with a J-Tech Medical/USA Tracker Freedom Grip in kg. |
| Time Frame | All measurements will repeat three times at 5-s intervals and the mean value will be taken. Baseline, 8 and 12 Weeks reported. |
Outcome Measure Data
| Analysis Population Description |
|---|
| 12 Wheelchair basketball players and 12 ambulant basketball players Hand Grip test results in baseline, 8 Weeks and 12 Weeks were compared. |
| Arm/Group Title | Wheelchair Basketball and Ambulant Basketball Players |
|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | 13 players from the North Cyprus Turkcell Wheelchair Basketball Team and 15 players from the Koop Bank Basketball Men's Team voluntarily participated in the study. During evaluations and training, one WC basketball player, and three stand-up basketball players were excluded from the study as they failed to meet the inclusion criteria. The final participants were 12 male wheelchair basketball players and 12 male stand-up basketball players. After preliminary evaluation, all participants took part in the Throwers Ten exercise programme 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Evaluations were made before the exercise programme, at week 8 at programme completion, and at week 12 after programme completion. |
| Measure Participants | 24 |
| Hand Grip Wheelchair Basketball Right Baseline |
52.3
(17.5)
|
| Hand Grip Ambulant Basketball Right Baseline |
61.6
(11.5)
|
| Hand Grip Wheelchair Basketball Right 8 Week |
55.6
(16.6)
|
| Hand Grip Ambulant Basketball Right 8 Week |
67.7
(13)
|
| Hand Grip Wheelchair Basketball Right 12 Week |
53
(16.4)
|
| Hand Grip Ambulant Basketball Right 12 Week |
62.9
(12.4)
|
| Hand Grip Wheelchair Basketball LeftBaseline |
49.9
(13.7)
|
| Hand Grip Ambulant Basketball Left Baseline |
51.9
(11.6)
|
| Hand Grip Wheelchair Basketball Left 8 Week |
54.6
(13.2)
|
| Hand Grip Ambulant Basketball Left 8 Week |
57.8
(14.9)
|
| Hand Grip Wheelchair Basketball Left 12 Week |
51.3
(12.9)
|
| Hand Grip Ambulant Basketball Left 12 Week |
53.9
(11.4)
|
| Title | Measurement of Range of Motion (Absolute Values Are Being Reported) |
|---|---|
| Description | Shoulder flexion, abduction and external rotation (E.R), internal rotation (İ.R) range of movement will measure in degrees by J-Tech Medical/US Tracker Freedom Goniometer. |
| Time Frame | All measurements will repeat three times at 5-s intervals and the mean value will be taken. Baseline, 8 and 12 Weeks reported. |
Outcome Measure Data
| Analysis Population Description |
|---|
| 12 Wheelchair basketball players and 12 ambulant basketball players Range of Motion (ROM) measurement results in baseline, 8 Weeks and 12 Weeks were compared. |
| Arm/Group Title | Wheelchair Basketball and Ambulant Basketball Players |
|---|---|
| Arm/Group Description | 13 players from the North Cyprus Turkcell Wheelchair Basketball Team and 15 players from the Koop Bank Basketball Men's Team voluntarily participated in the study. During evaluations and training, 1 wheelchair basketball player, and 3 stand-up basketball players were excluded from the study as they failed to meet the inclusion criteria. The final participants were 12 male wheelchair basketball players and 12 male stand-up basketball players. After preliminary evaluation, all participants took part in the Throwers Ten exercise programme 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Evaluations were made before the exercise programme, at week 8 at programme completion, and at week 12 after programme completion. |
| Measure Participants | 24 |
| ShoulderFlexionWheelchairBasketballRight Baseline |
161.8
(11.5)
|
| Shoulder Flexion Ambulant BasketballRight Baseline |
158.7
(5.5)
|
| Shoulder Flexion Wheelchair Basketball Right 8Week |
159.6
(11.6)
|
| Shoulder Flexion Ambulant Basketball Right 8Week |
164.7
(5.8)
|
| Shoulder Flexion Wheelchair Basketball Right12Week |
159.3
(11.5)
|
| Shoulder Flexion Ambulant Basketball Right 12Week |
161.3
(6)
|
| ShoulderFlexionWheelchairBasketball Left Baseline |
158.9
(10.9)
|
| Shoulder Flexion Ambulant Basketball Left Baseline |
163.3
(4.8)
|
| Shoulder Flexion Wheelchair Basketball Left 8 Week |
160.9
(7.5)
|
| Shoulder Flexion Ambulant Basketball Left 8 Week |
164.4
(6.5)
|
| Shoulder Flexion Wheelchair Basketball Left 12Week |
160.9
(7.5)
|
| Shoulder Flexion Ambulant Basketball Left 12 Week |
165.1
(4.7)
|
| ShoulderAbductionWheelchairBasketballRightBaseline |
160.1
(18.1)
|
| ShoulderAbduction AmbulantBasketballRight Baseline |
161.6
(7.1)
|
| ShoulderAbductionWheelchair Basketball Right 8Week |
162.6
(4.4)
|
| ShoulderAbduction Ambulant Basketball Right 8Week |
161.8
(8.5)
|
| ShoulderAbductionWheelchair Basketball Right12Week |
160.1
(18.3)
|
| ShoulderAbduction Ambulant Basketball Right 12Week |
162.8
(9.7)
|
| ShoulderAbductionWheelchairBasketballLeft Baseline |
157.3
(17.8)
|
| ShoulderAbduction Ambulant BasketballLeft Baseline |
162.3
(4.7)
|
| ShoulderAbductionWheelchair Basketball Left 8Week |
161.6
(6.2)
|
| ShoulderAbduction Ambulant Basketball Left 8Week |
162.7
(5.6)
|
| ShoulderAbductionWheelchair Basketball Left 12Week |
157.5
(16.5)
|
| ShoulderAbduction Ambulant Basketball Left 12Week |
163.3
(4.6)
|
| Shoulder E.R Wheelchair Basketball Right Baseline |
81.7
(10.8)
|
| Shoulder E.R Ambulant Basketball Right Baseline |
88.8
(12)
|
| Shoulder E.R Wheelchair Basketball Right 8 Week |
85.8
(10.1)
|
| Shoulder E.R Ambulant Basketball Right 8 Week |
91.1
(16.3)
|
| Shoulder E.R Wheelchair Basketball Right 12 Week |
81.8
(10.2)
|
| Shoulder E.R Ambulant Basketball Right 12 Week |
92.3
(12.5)
|
| Shoulder E.R Wheelchair Basketball Left Baseline |
81.7
(10.8)
|
| Shoulder E.R Ambulant Basketball Left Baseline |
91.2
(9.4)
|
| Shoulder E.R Wheelchair Basketball Left 8 Week |
84.5
(9.4)
|
| Shoulder E.R Ambulant Basketball Left 8 Week |
95.3
(8.4)
|
| Shoulder E.R Wheelchair Basketball Left 12 Week |
79.3
(9.7)
|
| Shoulder E.R Ambulant Basketball Left 12 Week |
92.4
(9.9)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Wheelchair Basketball Right Baseline |
62.5
(18.6)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Ambulant Basketball Right Baseline |
64.8
(8.5)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Wheelchair Basketball Right 8 Week |
64.1
(13.2)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Ambulant Basketball Right 8 Week |
67.2
(7.6)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Wheelchair Basketball Right 12 Week |
63.3
(17.4)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Ambulant Basketball Right 12 Week |
65
(8.4)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Wheelchair Basketball Left Baseline |
60.4
(20.1)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Ambulant Basketball Left Baseline |
61.8
(11.1)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Wheelchair Basketball Left 8 Week |
66.9
(14.6)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Ambulant Basketball Left 8 Week |
71.2
(10.9)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Wheelchair Basketball Left 12 Week |
63.3
(17.4)
|
| Shoulder İ.R Ambulant Basketball Left 12 Week |
63
(11.7)
|
Adverse Events
| Time Frame | Measurements data were collected at the begining of the study, 8 Weeks of the study and 12 Weeks of the study. | |
|---|---|---|
| Adverse Event Reporting Description | Not including serious adverse events. 4 participants were affected from musculoskeletal pain (other adverse event) and they were excluded from the study. Protocol enrollment was 28, because of excluding 4 participants, participant flow number was 24. | |
| Arm/Group Title | Wheelchair Basketball and Ambulant Basketball Players | |
| Arm/Group Description | 13 players from the North Cyprus Turkcell WC Basketball Team and 15 players from the Koop Bank Basketball Men's Team voluntarily participated in the study. During evaluations and training, one WC basketball player, and three stand-up basketball players were excluded from the study as they failed to meet the inclusion criteria. The final participants were 12 male WC basketball players and 12 male stand-up basketball players. After preliminary evaluation, all participants took part in the Throwers Ten exercise programme 3 days a week for 8 weeks. Evaluations were made before the exercise programme, at week 8 in programme completion, and at week 12 after programme completion. | |
All Cause Mortality |
||
| Wheelchair Basketball and Ambulant Basketball Players | ||
| Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
| Total | 0/28 (0%) | |
Serious Adverse Events |
||
| Wheelchair Basketball and Ambulant Basketball Players | ||
| Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
| Total | 0/28 (0%) | |
Other (Not Including Serious) Adverse Events |
||
| Wheelchair Basketball and Ambulant Basketball Players | ||
| Affected / at Risk (%) | # Events | |
| Total | 4/28 (14.3%) | |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | ||
| Pain | 4/28 (14.3%) | |
Limitations/Caveats
More Information
Certain Agreements
All Principal Investigators ARE employed by the organization sponsoring the study.
There is NOT an agreement between Principal Investigators and the Sponsor (or its agents) that restricts the PI's rights to discuss or publish trial results after the trial is completed.
Results Point of Contact
| Name/Title | Ceyda Sofuoğlu M.Sc. |
|---|---|
| Organization | Hacetepe University |
| Phone | +905338557742 |
| ceyda_sofuoglu@hotmail.com |
- GO15/204